Data from: Tempo and mode of performance evolution across multiple independent origins of adhesive toe pads in lizards

Understanding macroevolutionary dynamics of trait evolution is an important endeavor in evolutionary biology. Ecological opportunity can liberate a trait as it diversifies through trait space, while genetic and selective constraints can limit diversification. While many studies have examined the dynamics of morphological traits, diverse morphological traits may yield the same or similar performance and as performance is often more proximately the target of selection, examining only morphology may give an incomplete understanding of evolutionary dynamics. Here we ask whether convergent evolution of pad-bearing lizards have followed similar evolutionary dynamics, or whether independent origins are accompanied by unique constraints and selective pressures over macroevolutionary time. We hypothesized that geckos and anoles each have unique evolutionary tempos and modes. Using performance data from 59 species, we modified Brownian Motion (BM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models to account for repeated origins estimated using Bayesian ancestral state reconstructions. We discovered that adhesive performance in geckos evolved in a fashion consistent with Brownian Motion with a trend, whereas anoles evolved in bounded performance space consistent with more constrained evolution (an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model). Our results suggest that convergent phenotypes can have quite distinctive evolutionary patterns, likely as a result of idiosyncratic constraints or ecological opportunities.

解析性状演化的宏观演化动力学，是演化生物学领域的重要研究方向。生态机遇可通过性状空间的多样化过程解除性状的演化束缚，而遗传与选择限制则会阻碍性状的多样化进程。尽管诸多研究已探讨了形态性状的演化动力学，但多样的形态性状往往可产生相同或相似的功能表现，而功能表现通常是选择作用更直接的靶标，因此仅关注形态学特征可能无法完整揭示演化动力学的全貌。本研究旨在探究：具附垫蜥蜴的趋同演化是否遵循相似的演化动力学模式，抑或是在宏观演化时间尺度下，其独立起源过程伴随有独特的演化约束与选择压力。我们提出假说：壁虎与安乐蜥各自拥有独特的演化速率与演化模式。本研究基于59个物种的功能表现数据，对布朗运动（Brownian Motion, BM）与奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克（Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, OU）模型进行修正，以适配通过贝叶斯祖先状态重建所估算的多次独立起源事件。研究发现，壁虎的粘附功能表现演化模式符合带趋势的布朗运动模型，而安乐蜥的功能表现演化则局限于受限的性状空间，契合约束性更强的奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克模型演化特征。本研究结果表明，趋同表型可呈现截然不同的演化模式，这大概率源于类群特异性的演化约束或生态机遇差异。