Supplementary Material for: Psychometric properties of food frequency questionnaires used in dentistry: a systematic review

The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the quality of the food frequency instruments/scales used in dentistry while considering their psychometric properties. The databases consulted were PubMed (07/08/2020), Scopus (08/27/2020), Web of Science (08/27/2020), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCO) (28/ 08/2020 ), LILACS and BBO (25/08/2020), Gray Literature: Proquest (01/10/2020), Capes Theses Bank (01/10/2020), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (01/01 10/2020), Google Scholar (02/10/2020), and proceedings of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) (10/10/2020). All data bases were updated on 12.12.2022. Articles were initially selected by reading the 6421 titles and 13 abstracts selected, followed by reading the 8 articles included for full text reading to confirm the eligibility criteria, with the aid of Rayyan software. databases the construction and/or validation of instruments/scales for assessing food consumption for use in dentistry (in clinical contexts and/or epidemiological studies), with or without assessment of their psychometric properties, were included. Review studies, letters to editors, and research protocols were excluded. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The extracted data were: author, country, instrument language, sample, assessment instrument, instrument structure, type of food, instruments compared with the clinical condition, adaptation of an existing instrument, and psychometric properties evaluated. The selection, risk of bias analysis, and data extraction processes were performed by two independent evaluators. Seven studies were identified. The instruments available in the literature were in English, Japanese, Creole and Malay. Only one study performed translation and cross-cultural validation of an instrument, whereas the others were construction studies. One study did not assess psychometric properties. Regarding the quality assessment and general classification of the studies by the COSMIN checklist, all were considered “inadequate,” with reliability (test-retest) being the most validated psychometric property; only one study carried out the validation of all psychometric properties measured in COSMIN. Regarding the quality of the instruments presented, all the studies were classified as “inadequate” in the general assessment. Advances are needed in the validation process.

本系统综述旨在分析牙科领域所使用的食物频率评估工具/量表的质量，并考量其心理测量学特性。本次检索涉及的数据库包括：PubMed（检索日期2020年8月7日）、Scopus（2020年8月27日）、Web of Science（2020年8月27日）、护理及相关健康文献累积索引（Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, CINAHL）与牙科与口腔科学资源库（通过EBSCO平台检索，2020年8月28日）、LILACS与BBO（2020年8月25日）；灰色文献来源包括ProQuest（2020年10月1日）、Capes学位论文库（2020年10月1日）、巴西博硕士学位论文数字图书馆（2020年10月1日）、Google Scholar（2020年10月2日），以及国际牙科研究协会（International Association for Dental Research, IADR）会议论文集（2020年10月10日）。所有数据库的最终更新日期为2022年12月12日。研究初始筛选流程为：首先阅读6421条标题，初步纳入13篇摘要，随后借助Rayyan软件阅读其中8篇文章的全文，以确认是否符合纳入标准。纳入标准为：针对牙科领域（临床场景及/或流行病学研究）使用的食物消费评估工具/量表的构建与/或验证研究，无论是否评估其心理测量学特性。排除标准包括综述类研究、编辑来信及研究方案。本次研究采用基于共识的健康测量工具选择标准（COSMIN）检查表进行偏倚风险评估。提取的数据字段包括：作者、所属国家、工具语言、样本情况、评估工具、工具结构、食物类别、与临床状况对比的评估结果、现有工具的本土化改编情况，以及所评估的心理测量学特性。筛选、偏倚风险分析及数据提取流程均由两名独立评估人员独立完成。本综述共纳入7项研究。现有文献中的评估工具语言涵盖英语、日语、克里奥尔语及马来语。仅1项研究完成了工具的翻译及跨文化验证，其余均为工具构建研究；另有1项研究未评估心理测量学特性。基于COSMIN检查表对研究质量进行整体评估与分类后，所有研究均被评为“不合格”，其中信度（重测信度）是被验证最多的心理测量学特性；仅1项研究完成了COSMIN清单中提及的全部心理测量学特性的验证。针对所呈现工具的质量评估，整体分类结果均为“不合格”。当前该领域的工具验证流程仍有待完善。