Table_2_A weapon to fight against pervasive Omicron: systematic actions transiting to pre-COVID normal.docx

The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not just a health crisis but also a social crisis. Confronted with the resurgence of variants with massive infections, the triggered activities from personal needs may promote the spread, which should be considered in risk management. Meanwhile, it is important to ensure that the policy responses on citizen life to a lower level. In the face of Omicron mutations, we need to sum up the control experience accumulated, adapting strategies in the dynamic coevolution process while balancing life resumption and pandemic control, to meet challenges of future crises. We collected 46 cases occurring between 2021 and 2022, mainly from China, but also including five relevant cases from other countries around the world. Based on case studies, we combine micro-view individual needs/behaviors with macro-view management measures linking Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with the transmission chain of Omicron clusters. The proposed loophole chain could help identify both individual and management loopholes in the spread of the virus. The systematic actions that were taken have effectively combated these ubiquitous vulnerabilities at lower costs and lesser time. In the dynamic coevolution process, the Chinese government has made effective and more socially acceptable prevention policies while meeting the divergent needs of the entire society at the minimum costs. Systematic actions do help maintain the balance between individuals’ satisfaction and pandemic containment. This implies that risk management policies should reasonably consider individual needs and improve the cooperation of various stakeholders with targeted flexible measures, securing both public health and life resumption.

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行不仅是一场公共卫生危机，亦是一场社会危机。面对变异株的大规模感染反弹，由个人需求引发的系列活动可能加剧病毒的传播，此点在风险管理中应予以充分考虑。同时，确保政策对公民生活的响应降至较低水平亦至关重要。面对奥密克戎变异株的挑战，我们需总结积累的控制经验，在动态的协同进化过程中调整策略，在恢复生活与控制疫情之间寻求平衡，以应对未来危机的挑战。我们收集了2021至2022年间发生的46个案例，主要来自中国，同时亦包括来自全球其他五个国家的五个相关案例。基于案例研究，我们将微观视角的个人需求/行为与宏观视角的管理措施相结合，将马斯洛需求层次理论与奥密克戎集群的传播链相联系。提出的漏洞链模型有助于识别病毒传播过程中个人和管理上的漏洞。所采取的系统性行动以较低的成本和较短的时间有效地对抗了这些普遍存在的脆弱性。在动态协同进化过程中，中国政府制定了一系列有效的且更具社会可接受性的预防政策，在最低的成本下满足了整个社会的多样化需求。系统性行动有助于在个人满意度与疫情控制之间维持平衡。这表明，风险管理政策应合理考虑个人需求，并通过针对性的灵活措施提高各利益相关者的合作，以确保公共卫生与生活恢复的双重目标得以实现。