Research progress of CD112 in diseases

CD112 (Poliovirus receptor-related 2 or Nectin 2 ), a member of the connexin family, is widely expressed in a variety of cells including neuronal cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. CD112 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules and multifunctional immunomodulatory factors, and consists of three major structural domains: the extracellular region, transmembrane region, and intracellular region. In this paper, we systematically summarize the molecular structure, expression regulation mechanism, physiological function and implication for autoimmunity and tumor immunity of CD112, focusing on the important research progress in this field in the past five years.

CD112（脊髓灰质炎病毒受体相关蛋白2（Poliovirus receptor-related 2）或连接素2（Nectin 2））属于连接蛋白家族（connexin family），广泛表达于神经元细胞、上皮细胞、成纤维细胞及内皮细胞等多种细胞中。CD112属于免疫球蛋白超家族（immunoglobulin superfamily），是细胞黏附分子与多功能免疫调节因子的一员，包含三大核心结构域：胞外区（extracellular region）、跨膜区（transmembrane region）与胞内区（intracellular region）。本研究系统总结了CD112的分子结构、表达调控机制、生理功能，及其在自身免疫与肿瘤免疫中的潜在作用与意义，并重点梳理了近五年该领域的重要研究进展。