Political Attitudes, Political Participation and Voting Behavior in Reunified Germany 2002

Political attitudes and political participation in reunified Germany.
Cumulated data set from the data sets of the four largely identical cross-section surveys at two different survey times in West and East Germany.

Topics:
judgement on current general economic situation as well as economic situation in the previous year; expected economic situation; knowledge about the importance of first vote and second vote; satisfaction with democracy; interest in politics; certainty of one´s own intent to participate in the election and one´s own voting decision (pre); type of voting as absentee ballot or polling place (post); same voting decision after knowledge about results of the election (post); party preference (Sunday question, first vote and second vote, post); voting decision for candidate (pre) and recall (post), voting decision for party (pre) and recall (post); respondent has answered the question regarding voting intent and voting decision; time of voting decision (post); most important reasons for one´s own voting decision (post); certainty of one´s own voting decision (pre); reasons for voting intent and not voting; eligible to vote at the federal elections 2002 (pre); estimated certainty of selected smaller parties taking seats in Federal Parliament (FDP, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, PDS, and Republikaner, pre); expected election winner in the Federal Parliament election (CDU/CSU or SPD, pre); evaluation of democracy as a conception of a state; personal financial situation; personal financial situation has improved and expectations for the next year; most important reasons for dissatisfaction with parties; first and second coalition preference; satisfaction with result of Federal Parliament election (post); intensity and frequency of following the election campaign; responsivity: judgement on parties and politicians and their job as well as their relation to citizens (scale); most important problems of the country; issue ability of parties with the two most important problems; external efficacy: possibilities of citizens to influence parties; internal efficacy: ability of citizens to influence parties and governments (scale); assessment of the position of the most important parties on the topics nuclear energy, immigration, and European unification; personal opinion on these topics and importance of problem solution; place of residence in July 1989; retrospective judgement on personal standard of living, fairness of income distribution, social security, company of people, and crime protection in the FRG 1989 and in the GDR compared to today; knowledge of the number of federal states; psychological self-characterisation (ASKO-scale, big five); sympathy scale for the parties CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, Republikaner, PDS, and Schill Partei; postmaterialism (Inglehart Index); trust in institutions: trust in Federal Parliament, the Federal Constitutional Court, Federal Government, the judiciary, the police, administration, churches, parties, the Federal German Armed Forces, trade unions, ecological groups and in trade associations as well as employer´s associations and representatives in the federal parliament; preference for chancellor; sympathy scale for candidates for chancellor Stoiber and Schroeder; assessment of characteristics of the two candidates for chancellor regarding sympathy, trustworthiness, energy and their concepts to improve the economy (economic skills); preference of political participation (scale); left-right self-placement; feeling of representation in selected associations, institutions and parties; assessment of closeness to selected parties of trade unions, trade and employer´s associations, ecological groups and churches; social moral orientations (scale); satisfaction with the Federal Government; geographic connection: connected to the community, the city, the region, the federal state, old FRG / GDR, and Germany; left-right placement of parties; media usage: frequency of reading ‘BILD-Zeitung’, local, regional and national daily newspapers; frequency of reception of political news on television (ARD, ZDF and private TV); Frequency and length of internet use as well as frequency of use of political information and actions on the Internet; Attitude to electronic voting on the Internet; Viewing both television debates between the candidates for chancellor Schroeder and Stoiber and assessment of the performance of the candidates; assessment of the fairness of the social system in the Federal Republic; belonging to the underprivileged or to the privileged section of population; behavior at the polls in the Federal Parliament election 1998; extremism scale: national pride, nationalization of important companies, courage to sense of nationality, group interests subordinated to public welfare, dictatorship as the better type of state, good aspects of National Socialism, without extermination of Jews, Hitler as a great statesman, foreign infiltration of the Federal Republic, GDR with more good than bad aspects, foreigners should marry countrymen, influence of Jews still too big, socialism as good concept but badly executed, Jews don’t fit in society and sympathy with attacks on homes for people seeking political asylum.

Demography:
sex; age (month of birth, year of birth); religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; memberships in citizen’s initiative, party, trade association or trade union; party preference; party identification; characteristics of party preference (scale); strength and length of this party preference; education and school degree; aimed form of graduation; completed apprenticeship; present or previous employment; previous employment: until when; involuntary change of job or unemployment since 1998; withdraw from working life since 1998; employment in the civil service; employment status; marital status; living together with a partner; information on partner: education and school degree, aimed form of graduation, completed apprenticeship, present or previous employment, previous employment: until when, involuntary change of job or unemployment since 1998, withdraw from working life since 1998, employment in the civil service, and employment status; household size; number of persons 16 years old or older in household; number of persons contributing to the income of the household; household’s net income; self-assessment of social class (respondent’s subjective strata); which part of strata; strata compared to the parents; telephone in the household; information on citizenship: german citizenship; german citizenship since when; former citizenship, year of naturalization.

Additionally encoded was:
respondent number; West-East split; date of Interview (pre/post); year of interview; date of interview; size of town (politically); federal state; weighting factors.

统一后德国的政治态度与政治参与度数据集
该数据集为汇总数据，整合了在西德与东德两个不同调查时间点开展的四项基本一致的横截面调查数据。

主题：
对当前总体经济形势及上一年经济形势的评价；对未来经济形势的预期；对第一票与第二票重要性的认知；对民主制度的满意度；政治兴趣；选举参与意愿及投票决定的确定性（事前）；投票方式（邮寄或现场投票，事后）；知晓选举结果后的投票决定一致性（事后）；政党偏好（周日问题、第一票与第二票，事后）；候选人投票决定（事前）与回顾（事后）；政党投票决定（事前）与回顾（事后）；受访者是否回答了投票意愿与决定相关问题；投票决定时间（事后）；投票决定的主要原因（事后）；投票决定的确定性（事前）；投票意愿与不投票的原因；2002年联邦选举投票资格（事前）；对小型政党（自民党FDP、绿党Bündnis90/Die Grünen、民主社会主义党PDS、共和党Republikaner）进入联邦议会可能性的估计（事前）；联邦议会选举预期获胜者（基民盟/基社盟CDU/CSU或社民党SPD，事前）；对民主作为国家构想的评价；个人财务状况；个人财务状况改善情况及下一年预期；对政党不满的主要原因；第一与第二联盟偏好；对联邦议会选举结果的满意度（事后）；关注选举 campaign的强度与频率；响应性：对政党及政治家的工作表现、其与公民关系的评价（量表）；国家面临的主要问题；政党在两大核心问题上的应对能力；外部效能感：公民影响政党的可能性；内部效能感：公民影响政党与政府的能力（量表）；主要政党在核能、移民及欧洲一体化议题上的立场评估；个人对这些议题的看法及问题解决的重要性；1989年7月的居住地；对1989年联邦德国（FRG）及民主德国（GDR）时期个人生活水平、收入分配公平性、社会保障、人际交往及犯罪防护与当前状况的回顾性评价；对联邦州数量的认知；心理自我描述（ASKO量表、大五人格模型）；对基民盟（CDU）、基社盟（CSU）、社民党（SPD）、自民党（FDP）、绿党（Bündnis90/Die Grünen）、共和党（Republikaner）、民主社会主义党（PDS）及席尔党（Schill Partei）的好感度量表；后物质主义（英格尔哈特指数，Inglehart Index）；对机构的信任度：对联邦议会、联邦宪法法院、联邦政府、司法机构、警察、行政部门、教会、政党、联邦国防军、工会、生态团体、行业协会、雇主协会及联邦议会代表的信任；总理偏好；对总理候选人施托伊贝尔（Stoiber）与施罗德（Schroeder）的好感度量表；对两位总理候选人在好感度、可信度、精力及经济改善方案（经济能力）方面的特征评估；政治参与偏好（量表）；左右翼自我定位；在特定协会、机构及政党中的代表性感知；对工会、行业及雇主协会、生态团体与教会与特定政党关联度的评估；社会道德取向（量表）；对联邦政府的满意度；地域归属感：对社区、城市、地区、联邦州、原联邦德国/民主德国及德国的归属感；政党左右翼定位；媒体使用：《图片报》（BILD-Zeitung）、地方/区域/全国性日报的阅读频率；电视政治新闻接收频率（ARD、ZDF及私营电视台）；互联网使用频率与时长，及政治信息获取与行动的使用频率；对互联网电子投票的态度；是否观看施罗德与施托伊贝尔两位总理候选人的电视辩论及对其表现的评估；对联邦共和国社会制度公平性的评估；自我认定为弱势群体或特权群体；1998年联邦议会选举投票行为；极端主义量表：民族自豪感、重要企业国有化、民族意识的勇气、集体利益服从公共福利、独裁是更优的国家类型、纳粹主义的积极方面（不含对犹太人的灭绝）、希特勒是伟大政治家、联邦德国受外国渗透、民主德国利大于弊、外国人应与本国人结婚、犹太人影响过大、社会主义是好理念但执行不佳、犹太人不适合社会、对寻求政治庇护者住所的袭击表示同情；

人口统计学特征：
性别；年龄（出生月份、出生年份）；宗教信仰；教堂 attendance频率；是否参与公民倡议、政党、行业协会或工会；政党偏好；政党认同；政党偏好特征（量表）；政党偏好的强度与时长；教育程度与学校学位；目标毕业形式；已完成学徒训练；当前或过往就业情况；过往就业截止时间；1998年以来是否非自愿换工作或失业；1998年以来是否退出工作生活；是否在公务员系统就业；就业状态；婚姻状态；是否与伴侣同居；伴侣信息：教育程度与学校学位、目标毕业形式、已完成学徒训练、当前或过往就业情况、过往就业截止时间、1998年以来是否非自愿换工作或失业、1998年以来是否退出工作生活、是否在公务员系统就业及就业状态；家庭规模；家庭中16岁及以上人数；家庭收入贡献人数；家庭净收入；社会阶层自我评估（受访者主观阶层）；阶层所属部分；与父母的阶层比较；家庭是否有电话；公民身份信息：德国公民身份；获得德国公民身份的时间；原国籍；入籍年份；

额外编码信息：
受访者编号；东西德划分；访谈日期（事前/事后）；访谈年份；访谈日期；城镇规模（政治层面）；联邦州；权重因子