Correlations between spectral power and breathing variables.

Spearman partial correlation coefficients (*pOrder of altitude exposure were determined to analyze the relationship of spectral power in specific frequency bands of the non-REM sleep EEG (slow-wave activity, fast theta activity, fast and slow sigma activity; frequency bands were determined in an explorative analysis (see Methods S1)) and altitude-related breathing variables (n = 44).Mean oxygen saturation (SpO2), central apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was averaged for non-REM sleep. The number of arousals was calculated over total sleep time. F3A2: Frontal derivation; C3A2: Central derivation; N1, N2: night 1 and 2 at higher altitude.

本研究采用斯皮尔曼偏相关系数（Spearman partial correlation coefficients，*按海拔暴露时长排序的p值），分析非快速眼动睡眠脑电图特定频段的谱功率与海拔相关呼吸变量之间的关联，共纳入44名受试者（n=44）。其中非快速眼动睡眠脑电图的分析频段涵盖慢波活动、快θ频段活动、快σ与慢σ频段活动，频段划分通过探索性分析确定（详见补充方法S1）。针对非快速眼动睡眠阶段，对平均血氧饱和度（SpO2）、中枢性呼吸暂停/低通气指数（AHI）及血氧去饱和指数（ODI）进行平均计算；总睡眠时间内的觉醒次数按全睡眠时长统计。F3A2：额叶导联；C3A2：中央区导联；N1、N2分别代表高海拔环境下的第1、2夜间睡眠采集数据。