Data_Sheet_1_Attenuating Effect of Chlorella Extract on NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species.docx

The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been linked to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human diseases. Although many drugs and inhibitors have been developed to treat NLRP3-associated diseases, only limited clinical data support their efficacy and safety. Chlorella, a unicellular green alga that is widely and safely used as a food supplement, contains various antioxidants. In this study, we obtained a fat-soluble extract from Chlorella (CE) and demonstrated that it reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and caspase-1 activation. In addition, CE supplementation attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1β transcription through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in vitro and in vivo. As Chlorella is a safe and useful food supplement, it may be a practical pharmacological approach for treating NLRP3-driven diseases.

含NOD样受体家族、PYRIN结构域蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体，已被证实与多种人类疾病的发病机制紧密相关。尽管目前已开发出多款用于治疗NLRP3相关疾病的药物与抑制剂，但仅有有限的临床数据能够佐证其有效性与安全性。小球藻（Chlorella）是一种被广泛安全用作膳食补充剂的单细胞绿藻，其富含多种抗氧化成分。本研究从小球藻中提取得到脂溶性提取物（Chlorella Extract, CE），并证实该提取物可通过抑制线粒体活性氧（mitochondrial reactive oxygen species）与半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶1（caspase-1）的活化，从而降低NLRP3炎症小体的激活水平。此外，体外与体内实验均表明，补充小球藻脂溶性提取物可通过激活缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HIF-1α），减轻脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide, LPS）诱导的白细胞介素1β（interleukin 1β, IL-1β）转录上调。鉴于小球藻作为膳食补充剂具备安全实用的特性，其有望成为治疗NLRP3介导类疾病的可行药理学干预手段。