Confounded Age Contrasts by ProM Subdomain (Vigilance, ProM Proper, Habitual ProM) and Cue Type (Event, Time) in Laboratory Settings.

Note. Confounds: o = ongoing task was easier for older adults; i = older adults were substantially more intelligent than younger adults; dem = older group had higher proportion of participants who scored in dementia range on screening tests; e(6y, 23o) = exclusion of subjects (6 young, 23 old) for various reasons; ep (0y,5o) = exclusion of subjects (0 young, 5 old) because of low ProM performance; item = participants were to request a personal item back but the items varied from participant to participant; #cues = number of ProM cues varied from participant to participant.Ongoing task: u/t = unrelated tasks; Q&A = questions and answers; PA = paired associates; WM = working memory; E&M STM = Einstein & McDaniel Short Term Memory task (WM task); WML3 = working memory task; WMLVar = working memory task.aPatton'93: ProM task was “to shut off the movie after exactly 30 min had elapsed”. However, the article reports only deviation from target shut off time in s. Since the article does not mention that any participants forget to shut off the movie, it is assumed that all did.

备注：混淆因素说明如下：
o：进行中的任务对老年群体更为简单；
i：老年群体的智力水平显著高于青年群体；
dem：老年组中在筛查测试中得分处于痴呆范围的参与者占比更高；
e(6y, 23o)：因各类原因排除受试者（6名青年、23名老年）；
ep(0y,5o)：因前瞻记忆(Prospective Memory, ProM)表现低下排除受试者（0名青年、5名老年）；
item：参与者需取回个人物品，但不同参与者的对应物品各不相同；
#cues：前瞻记忆线索的数量因参与者个体存在差异。

进行中任务类型：
u/t：无关任务；
Q&A：问答任务；
PA：配对联想任务；
WM：工作记忆(Working Memory, WM)；
E&M STM：Einstein & McDaniel短时记忆任务（属于工作记忆任务范畴）；
WML3：工作记忆任务；
WMLVar：工作记忆任务。

注：Patton于1993年的研究中，前瞻记忆任务设定为「在恰好经过30分钟后关闭影片」。但该文献仅报告了实际关闭时间与目标关闭时间的偏差（单位为秒）。由于文中未提及有参与者忘记关闭影片，故默认所有参与者均完成了该任务。