Physiological performance of açai seeds (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) stored with different moisture contents and treated with fungicide

Abstract: The expansion of açai production has increased the importance of management of seeds used for replanting or expanding the plantation areas. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of açai seeds with different moisture contents, treated or untreated with fungicide, and stored for 180 days. The seeds were divided into three moisture levels (35%, 30% and 20%), and with or without fungicide treatment, with four storage evaluation periods (0, 60, 120 and 180 days). They were packed in plastic bags and kept in natural environment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme (moisture contents x treated or untreated with fungicide x period of evaluation), with four replications of 50 seeds each. The following tests were conducted: moisture content, germination, tetrazolium test, seedling emergence, seedling emergence speed and X-ray. Açai seeds with 35% and 30% moisture contents treated with fungicide showed a better physiological quality in relation to the untreated ones. Storage longer than 120 days reduced seed germination to values below 50%, regardless of whether they were treated or not with fungicide, although the reduction was greater in untreated seeds. The fungicide treatment is efficient in controlling fungi in açai seeds with 30% and 20% moisture content for up to 180 days of storage, and in seeds with 35% moisture content for up to 60 days of storage.

摘要：随着巴西莓（açaí）产业生产规模的扩张，用于补植或扩大种植面积的种子管理的重要性日益凸显。为此，本研究旨在评估经杀菌剂处理与未处理、不同含水量的巴西莓种子在180天贮藏期内的表现。试验将种子划分为3个含水量梯度（35%、30%与20%）、2种杀菌剂处理状态（经处理与未处理），并设置4个贮藏评价时段（0、60、120、180天）。所有种子均装入塑料袋中，置于自然环境下贮藏。试验采用完全随机设计，设置3×2×4因子组合（含水量×杀菌剂处理状态×评价时段），每个处理设置4次重复，每次重复含50粒种子。本研究开展了以下测试：含水量测定、发芽试验、四唑测定（tetrazolium test）、幼苗出苗试验、幼苗出苗速率测定以及X射线检测。结果表明，含水量为35%与30%的经杀菌剂处理的巴西莓种子，其生理品质优于未处理的同含水量种子。无论是否经杀菌剂处理，贮藏时长超过120天均会使种子发芽率降至50%以下，不过未处理种子的发芽率降幅更为显著。杀菌剂处理可有效控制含水量30%与20%的巴西莓种子在长达180天贮藏期内的真菌滋生，同时对含水量35%的种子，该处理的有效期可达60天。