CHARACTERIZATION OF CUCURBIT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND DISEASE PREVALENCE IN MUNICIPALITIES IN PERNAMBUCO

ABSTRACT Cucurbits have great economic, nutritional and social importance in the Brazilian semiarid region. In this region, many factors can result in reduced productivity of these crops, especially fungal and viral diseases. Therefore, knowledge of cucurbits is crucial for proper disease management. The objective of this work was to identify the major diseases of cucurbits grown in some municipalities in the Hinterland of the state of Pernambuco. Thus, plant samples were collected with symptoms in crops in the municipalities of Salgueiro, Serra Talhada, Floresta, Petrolândia, Ibimirim, Custódia and Inajá. A questionnaire was also applied to gather information about the production profile of producers. Seven fungal pathogens infecting cucurbits were identified: Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Colletotrichum sp., Podosphaera xanthii, Rhizoctonia solani, Didymella bryoniae, Fusarium sp. e Alternaria sp., and three viruses as well: Papaya ringspot virus - watermelon strain (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). It was found that in small crops, there is limited search for technical information om cropping, and these crops originate mostly from native seeds, in contrast to medium and large producers, who use improved cultivars. The melon and watermelon crops are the most commercially exploited, while pumpkins are used in subsistence agriculture. As for plant health problems, most respondents reported knowing the main diseases that occur in crops and perform disease control based on personal experience and / or through the help of the technical assistance provided by agricultural stores. In a few cases, in large farms, there was an agronomist to assist in this type of control.

摘要：葫芦科作物（Cucurbits）在巴西半干旱地区具备显著的经济、营养与社会价值。该区域内多种因素可导致此类作物减产，其中真菌与病毒性病害为主要限制因素。因此，全面掌握葫芦科作物相关知识对实现科学病害管理至关重要。本研究旨在识别伯南布哥州内陆部分县域种植的葫芦科作物主要病害。研究人员于萨尔盖鲁（Salgueiro）、塞拉塔尔哈达（Serra Talhada）、弗洛雷斯塔（Floresta）、佩特罗兰迪亚（Petrolândia）、伊比米林（Ibimirim）、库斯托迪亚（Custódia）及伊纳雅（Inajá）等县域的发病作物田中采集植物样本，并通过问卷调查收集种植户的生产概况信息。本研究共鉴定出7种侵染葫芦科作物的真菌病原菌：古巴假霜霉菌（Pseudoperonospora cubensis）、炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum sp.）、瓜类单囊壳菌（Podosphaera xanthii）、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、西瓜壳二孢菌（Didymella bryoniae）、镰孢菌属（Fusarium sp.）及链格孢属（Alternaria sp.）；同时鉴定出3种病毒：番木瓜环斑病毒西瓜株系（Papaya ringspot virus - watermelon strain, PRSV-W）、西瓜花叶病毒（Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV）及西葫芦黄化花叶病毒（Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV）。调查结果显示，小型种植户对作物种植技术信息的获取渠道有限，其生产所用种子多为自留种；与之形成鲜明对比的是，中型及大型种植户多采用改良栽培品种。商业种植中以甜瓜与西瓜为主要栽培作物，而南瓜则多应用于自给农业。关于植株健康管理问题，多数受访种植户表示了解作物主要病害类型，并凭借个人经验或农资店提供的技术支持开展病害防治工作；仅在少数大型农场中，配备有农艺师协助开展此类防治工作。