College students' perception of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a cross -sectional study

Covid-19 has prompted higher education institutions around the globe to relocate offline classes to online classes. Universities in Indonesia were no exception. Indonesia has already developed distance education systems, and there were many challenges to utilizing e-learning. Due to the pandemic, all colleges across Indonesia were compelled to use online platforms to resume their studies.

This study indicates e-learning perceptions' importance in knowledge mastery, social competence, and media literacy abilities. The study assesses college students' attitudes toward e-learning during the ongoing COVID-19 and will be utilized as an evaluation tool by The Higher Education of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia.

The research methods used with a quantitative model, where the sample tested represented the student of 1137 [DJ1] respondents from 43 universities in Indonesia.

The study's findings show a commonly perceived weakness of e-learning was that the majority of respondents got a lack interaction with lecturers (57,6%). The study also identified that the majority of respondents have a moderate mastery of technology 1038 respondents (77.6%), while the remainder has poor and high knowledge of technology. One of the key reason students implement e-learning is the ease with which they may obtain study resources. 

According to the study, e-learning technology enables quick access to information, which results in students developing a favorable attitude toward it based on its utility, self-efficacy, the convenience of use, and student behavior related to e-learning. The study verifies the utility of e-learning by demonstrating how it enables students to study from any geographical location, which is not achievable with face-to-face instruction.

新冠疫情（COVID-19）促使全球各地高等教育机构将线下课程转为线上课程。印度尼西亚的高校亦不例外。该国此前已构建远程教育体系，但在应用电子学习（e-learning）时仍面临诸多挑战。受疫情影响，印度尼西亚全国所有高校均被迫借助线上平台恢复教学活动。

本研究阐明了电子学习认知在知识掌握、社交能力与媒介素养培养中的重要性。研究针对新冠疫情期间印度尼西亚高校学生对电子学习的态度展开评估，其结果将被印度尼西亚共和国教育与文化部高等教育部门用作评估工具。

本研究采用定量研究模型，测试样本涵盖来自印度尼西亚43所高校的1137名学生受访者。

研究结果显示，电子学习普遍存在的短板在于多数受访者（57.6%）反馈与授课教师的互动不足。研究同时发现，多数受访者（1038人，占比77.6%）的技术掌握水平处于中等区间，其余受访者的技术知识储备则处于薄弱或优秀水平。学生选择使用电子学习的核心原因之一，在于其能够便捷获取学习资源。

研究表明，电子学习技术可实现信息的快速获取，这使得学生基于其实用性、自我效能感、使用便捷性以及与电子学习相关的学习行为，对其产生了积极态度。本研究通过证实电子学习可让学生不受地域限制开展学习（这是线下面授教学无法实现的），验证了其应用价值。