Characteristics of vaccinees (N = 8743).

Background
There is a paucity of research regarding COVID-19 vaccines administration errors (VAEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, types, severity, causes and predictors of VAEs in Jordan during the recent pandemic.
Method
This was a 3-day (Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday of the third week of November 2021) prospective, covert observational point prevalence study. It involved direct observation of vaccination administration practices by covert observers who recorded data on a standardized form, documenting the administration process, observed errors, and contextual factors, such as workload, distractions, and interruptions directly after each observation. Univariate and multivariable logistic models were constructed in order to identify predictors of VAEs.
Results
The point prevalence of VAEs was 2.4% (209 errors / 8743 vaccine doses). These VAEs were categorized into six types: timing (interval) error (69, 33.0%) dosing error (60, 28.7%), incorrect vaccine product (42, 20.1%), site/route error (17, 8.1%), documentation error (15, 7.2%), and other (6, 2.9%). Most errors were minor (133, 63.6%) and moderate (63, 30.1%). There were 174 (54.9%) healthcare provider-related contributing factors and 102 (32.2%) patient-related factors. Receiving the vaccine in the Southern region compared to Capital region (aOR: 1.92; 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI: 1.41–2.49; p = 0.001) and receiving the vaccine during peak hours compared to regular hours (aOR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.58–3.86; p = 0.002) were significant predictors of VAEs.
Conclusion
Though infrequent, VAEs had prevalence higher than previously reported in the literature, posing serious public health challenges, which might have compromised immunization efficacy and patient safety. Identifying these errors’ causes and formulating strategies to reduce them is crucial for enhancing vaccination results.

背景
新冠疫苗接种差错（Vaccine Administration Errors，简称VAEs）相关研究在新冠大流行期间尚显匮乏。本研究旨在探究近期新冠大流行期间约旦境内VAEs的流行率、类型、严重程度、诱发因素及预测因子。

方法
本研究为一项为期3天（2021年11月第三周的周日、周二及周四）的前瞻性隐蔽观察时点现患率研究。由隐蔽观察员直接观察疫苗接种操作流程，并于每一次观察结束后即刻通过标准化记录表记录接种过程、观察到的差错以及工作量、干扰因素、中断情况等情境相关因素。本研究构建单因素及多因素logistic回归模型，以明确VAEs的预测因子。

结果
VAEs的时点现患率为2.4%（8743剂次疫苗中共计发生209起接种差错）。上述差错可分为6类：接种间隔时间差错69起（占比33.0%）、剂量差错60起（占比28.7%）、疫苗品种使用错误42起（占比20.1%）、接种部位/途径差错17起（占比8.1%）、记录差错15起（占比7.2%）以及其他类型差错6起（占比2.9%）。多数差错为轻度（133起，占比63.6%）及中度（63起，占比30.1%）。导致差错的相关因素中，174起（54.9%）与医护人员相关，102起（32.2%）与受种者相关。与首都地区相比，在南部地区接种疫苗（调整优势比[aOR]：1.92；95%置信区间[95%CI]：1.41~2.49；P=0.001）以及在高峰时段接种疫苗（相较于常规时段，aOR：2.18；95%CI：1.58~3.86；P=0.002）是VAEs发生的显著预测因子。

结论
尽管VAEs发生率较低，但其现患率高于既往文献报道值，由此带来了严峻的公共卫生挑战，可能会削弱疫苗接种效果并危及受种者安全。明确此类差错的诱发因素并制定针对性防控策略，对于提升疫苗接种工作质量至关重要。