ddRADseq analyses of Zea mays landraces from Argentina

This study evaluates the conservation status of maize landraces native from Argentina assessing 87 accessions preserved at the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agriculture Technology (Pergamino, Argentina), employing ddRADseq. The main questions that this study aims to answer are: which are the genetically distinguishable conservation units of maize landraces from Argentina? What is their conservation status according to the genetic Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) proposed by Hoban et al. (2022)? Do these maize show genomic signatures of selection which would suggest local adaptation? How would these maize be distributed in the world under future climate scenarios? The results of this work indicate that the long-term diversity of maize landraces of Northern Argentina is compromised, and that more active conservation policies are advisable.

本研究针对阿根廷本土玉米地方品种的保护现状展开评估，共纳入保存在阿根廷国家农业技术研究所（佩尔加米诺，阿根廷）种质库的87份种质材料，采用ddRADseq技术开展分析。本研究旨在解答以下核心科学问题：其一，阿根廷玉米地方品种可区分的遗传保护单元有哪些？其二，依据Hoban等人（2022）提出的遗传类生物多样性关键变量（Essential Biodiversity Variables，EBVs），这些材料的保护现状如何？其三，这些玉米是否存在提示本地适应的基因组选择信号？其四，在未来气候情景下，这些玉米的全球分布格局将发生何种变化？本研究结果显示，阿根廷北部玉米地方品种的长期遗传多样性已受到损害，因此建议推行更为积极主动的保护政策。