IMF Direction of Trade Statistics, 1948-2020

The <i>International Monetary Fund (IMF) Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS)</i> database contains data on the value of merchandise exports and imports between each country and all its trading partners. Total bilateral and multilateral exports and imports are aggregated at national or regional group level. For each reporting country or group, all the trading partners are listed. The corresponding monetary values of total imports and total exports are then provided as time series for each country/trading partner pair. All exports are valued free on board (f.o.b.). Imports are usually reported cost including insurance and freight (c.i.f.), although a small number of countries report imports f.o.b.<br> <br> Along with data from reporting countries, estimates are provided by partner countries for non-reporting countries or for those that are slow to report.<br> <br> The period for which data are available varies from country to country, but data extends from 1948 to the present.<br> <br> There can be inconsistencies between exports to a partner and the partner's recorded imports from a particular country, i.e. the exports from Country A to B do not always equal the imports of Country B from A. This is due to the different ways countries report their trade, i.e. differences in classification concepts and detail, time of recording, valuation, and coverage, as well as processing errors. <br> <br> This database was first provided by UK Data Service in December 2003.<br>

<i>国际货币基金组织（IMF）贸易方向统计数据库（DOTS）</i>包含各国与其所有贸易伙伴之间商品进出口额的数据。双边及多边进出口总额按国家或区域集团层面汇总。每个报告国或报告集团均列出其所有贸易伙伴，各国/贸易伙伴对的进出口总额相应货币值以时间序列形式呈现。所有出口均按离岸价（f.o.b.）计价，进口通常按成本加保险费、运费价（c.i.f.）申报，但少数国家按离岸价申报进口。<br><br>除报告国提供的数据外，伙伴国还为未报告或迟报的国家提供估算数据。<br><br>各国可获取数据的时期不尽相同，但数据时间跨度从1948年至今。<br><br>向某一伙伴国的出口额与其记录的从该国的进口额之间可能存在不一致，例如A国对B国的出口额并不总是等于B国从A国的进口额。这是因为各国贸易申报方式不同，即分类概念与细节、记录时间、计价方式及覆盖范围存在差异，同时也存在处理误差。<br><br>该数据库由英国数据服务（UK Data Service）于2003年12月首次提供。