Dataset on wheat tolerance to heat

This dataset relates to multi-environment field trials conducted in wheat to assess genotype tolerance to heatwaves. Trials were carried out using both conventional machine-harvested plots and the photoperiod-extension method (PEM), which was employed to synchronize flowering among genotypes, ensuring heat impacts were assessed at similar developmental stages Irrigated field experiments were conducted across three locations in Australia between 2018 and 2020. Twenty-five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated with the photoperiod-extension method (PEM) and in adjacent conventional plot trials at two sowing times (s1, standard and s2, late sowing) to generate contrasting levels of post-flowering heat exposure. In PEM trials, approximately 20 stems per replicate per genotype were tagged at flowering, and spikes were manually harvested at maturity to measure individual grain weight (IGW) and grain protein content (GPC). Conventional plots were machine-harvested at maturity, providing crop-level measurements of grain number, IGW, yield, and GPC. Linear regression analyses were used to quantify reaction norms in response to heat exposure and assess genotype heat tolerance. Details of the experimental design, data collection procedures, and data analyses are provided in Ullah et al. (2023, 2024) and Yahya et al. (2026). Processed datasets, along with associated table and figure references, are reported in Yahya et al. (2026). References:Ullah N, Christopher J, Frederiks T, Ma S, Tan DKY, Chenu K. 2023. A robust field-based method to screen heat tolerance in wheat. European Journal of Agronomy 144: 126757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126757Ullah N, Collins B, Christopher JT, Frederiks T, Chenu K. 2024. Pre-and post-flowering impacts of natural heatwaves on yield components in wheat. Field Crops Research 316: 109489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109489Yahya M, Ullah N, Christopher J, Cozzolino D, Mellor V, Fox G, Kuhn E, Chenu K. 2026. Improving wheat tolerance to post-flowering heat using matched development stages and field-based reaction norms. Journal of Experimental Botany. In Press.

本数据集关联于为评估基因型耐热性而开展的小麦多环境田间试验。试验同时采用常规机械收获小区与光周期延长法（photoperiod-extension method, PEM）：后者用于同步不同基因型的开花进程，确保在相近发育阶段评估热胁迫的影响。

2018至2020年间，研究团队在澳大利亚3个地点开展了灌溉田间试验。共评估25份春小麦基因型，分别通过光周期延长法（PEM）与相邻常规小区试验开展，设置2个播种期（s1为标准播期，s2为晚播期），以构建花后热胁迫水平存在差异的试验条件。

在光周期延长法（PEM）试验中，每个重复的每个基因型约标记20个茎秆的开花节点，于成熟期人工收获穗部，用于测定单粒重（individual grain weight, IGW）与籽粒蛋白质含量（grain protein content, GPC）。常规小区于成熟期实施机械收获，可获取作物群体水平的籽粒数、单粒重、产量及籽粒蛋白质含量数据。

本研究采用线性回归分析量化热胁迫响应的反应规范（reaction norms），并以此评估基因型的耐热性。

试验设计、数据采集流程与数据分析的详细信息参见Ullah等（2023、2024）及Yahya等（2026）。处理后的数据集及配套图表资料参见Yahya等（2026）。

参考文献：
1. Ullah N, Christopher J, Frederiks T, Ma S, Tan DKY, Chenu K. 2023. 一种用于筛选小麦耐热性的可靠田间方法. European Journal of Agronomy 144: 126757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126757
2. Ullah N, Collins B, Christopher JT, Frederiks T, Chenu K. 2024. 自然热浪对小麦花前及花后产量构成要素的影响. Field Crops Research 316: 109489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109489
3. Yahya M, Ullah N, Christopher J, Cozzolino D, Mellor V, Fox G, Kuhn E, Chenu K. 2026. 利用发育阶段匹配与田间反应规范提升小麦花后耐热性. Journal of Experimental Botany. In Press