"Table 124" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.

本文报道了在核子-核子质心系能量√s_NN=5.02 TeV的铅核-铅核（Pb--Pb）碰撞中，利用多粒子累积量（multiparticle cumulants）对π^±、K^±、p+$ar{p}$、K_S^0、Λ+$ar{Λ}$、φ、Ξ^∓和Ω^∓的椭圆流（elliptic flow）进行的首次测量。结果以二粒子累积量（v2{2}）与四粒子累积量（v2{4}）得到的结果作为横向动量（transverse momentum, $p_{
m T}$）的函数，针对不同碰撞中心度区间进行展示。结合v2{2}与v2{4}的实验数据，我们还首次报道了不同末态强子种类的平均椭圆流、椭圆流涨落以及相对椭圆流涨落的测量结果。这些观测量可用于探究初始态的逐事件偏心率涨落，以及膨胀夸克胶子等离子体（quark–gluon plasma）的动力学演化贡献。此前利用双粒子关联对已鉴别强子开展的$p_{
m T}$微分各向异性流测量中观测到的特征，即低$p_{
m T}$区域的质量序关系，以及中$p_{
m T}$区域与组分夸克数近似成正比的标度行为，在四粒子关联以及v2{2}与v2{4}的组合结果中同样存在。此外，我们还观测到椭圆流涨落存在强子种类依赖性，该现象表明末态强相互作用可能存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合了流体力学、夸克聚合与喷注碎裂多种物理过程的CoLBT模型计算结果进行对比，可见该模型在宽广的$p_{
m T}$范围内能够很好地描述实验数据，具有重要的物理意义。