Congenital malformations in newborns of alcoholic mothers

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the presence of fetal alcohol syndrome, other alcohol-related congenital defects, and/or neurodevelopment disorders in newborns of mothers who consumed alcohol during gestation. Methods: In a public maternity in the city of São Paulo, 1,964 puerperal women were interviewed and 654 had consumed alcohol at some point during gestation. The newborns were clinically and laboratorially examined in order to identify the occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome, congenital defects or neurodevelopment disorders related to alcohol. Results: Three children were found with fetal alcohol syndrome (1.5/1,000 live births), 6 with congenital defects related to alcohol (3.0/1,000 live births), and 67 with developmental disorders related to alcohol (34.1/1,000 live births). The congenital malformations found in these children were thin or absent corpus callosum, brain cyst, asymmetry of the cerebral ventricles, meningomyelocele, cleft lip, anteverted nose, low-set ears, megaureter, hydronephrosis, polydactyly, congenital clubfoot, aphalangia of the toes, cryptorchidism, and hypospadia. conclusion: Newborns of mothers who consumed alcohol may have congenital malformations of various organs and systems, and early diagnosis is fundamental for a probable and occasional more effective resolution and progress.

摘要
研究目的：明确妊娠期间饮酒的母亲所产新生儿中，胎儿酒精综合征（fetal alcohol syndrome）、其他酒精相关性先天性缺陷以及神经发育障碍的患病情况。
研究方法：于圣保罗市某公立产科医院，对1964名产褥期妇女进行访谈，其中654名妇女在妊娠期间曾饮酒。对上述新生儿开展临床与实验室检查，以明确与酒精暴露相关的胎儿酒精综合征、先天性缺陷或神经发育障碍的发生情况。
研究结果：共检出3例胎儿酒精综合征患儿（活产儿发生率为1.5/1000）、6例酒精相关性先天性缺陷患儿（3.0/1000活产儿），以及67例酒精相关性发育障碍患儿（34.1/1000活产儿）。本次检出的先天性畸形包括：胼胝体菲薄或缺失、脑囊肿、脑室不对称、脊髓脊膜膨出（meningomyelocele）、唇裂、鼻前倾、低位耳、巨输尿管（megaureter）、肾积水、多指（趾）畸形、先天性马蹄内翻足、趾缺如、隐睾症以及尿道下裂（hypospadia）。
研究结论：母亲妊娠期间饮酒所产新生儿可能出现多器官、多系统的先天性畸形，早期诊断对于实现更有效的治疗与病情改善至关重要。