Hanna Abdallah Giacaman from Bethlehem, aged 82, discussing the Ottoman period and World War I

Hanna Abdallah Giacaman (82 years old, born 1922 from Bethlehem) interviewed by Saba al-Khoury on 26 June 2004. He discusses the following: World War I and Ottoman rule in Bethlehem; Ottomans never opened schools, only churches provided schooling and the Ottomans would prohibit Muslims from joining them; the Ottomans levied taxes but did not use them to support local infrastructure – all the money went to Istanbul; Muslims were drafted into the army, Christians had to pay a tax for exemption but this changed in World War 1 when they started drafting everyone, even people above the age of 40; 95% of the men conscripted into the army were killed but some escaped or managed to survive; the removal of so many local men from the workforce was one of the factors behind the starvation of World War I; another factor was that the Ottomans took a lot of the local crops; people lived off foraging and picking barley out of horse manure; discusses the locust plague; during the cholera outbreak the Ottomans used to kill the sick; people fled conscription; different people were deployed in different ways for the war effort.Original audio recording: cassette tape. Transcript: summary. In the original collection at Bethlehem University this cassette tape was categorised as File 1 of Box 12. This fileset exists as part of the Ottoman Empire and World War I collection within the Bethlehem University Oral History project of the Planet Bethlehem Archive.

汉娜·阿卜杜拉·贾卡曼（Hanna Abdallah Giacaman，82岁，1922年生于伯利恒）于2004年6月26日接受萨巴·阿勒-胡里（Saba al-Khoury）的访谈。他谈及以下内容：第一次世界大战与奥斯曼帝国（Ottoman Empire）在伯利恒的统治；奥斯曼当局从未开设公立学校，仅教会提供教育服务，且禁止穆斯林加入教会办学机构；奥斯曼当局征收赋税，但未将其投入本地基础设施建设，所有税款均被运往伊斯坦布尔；穆斯林男性会被强制征召入伍，基督徒则需缴纳豁免税以逃避兵役，但一战期间该政策发生调整，当局开始征召所有适龄人员，甚至包括40岁以上的群体；被征召入伍的男性中有95%阵亡，但也有部分人成功逃脱或得以幸存；大量本地男性脱离劳动力队伍，是一战期间当地饥荒爆发的诱因之一；另一诱因是奥斯曼当局征调了大量本地农作物；民众依靠觅食以及从马粪中捡拾大麦维持生计；受访者还谈及蝗灾；霍乱疫情暴发期间，奥斯曼当局会处决病患；民众为逃避征兵而逃亡；不同群体被以差异化方式投入战争劳作。原始录音资料：盒式磁带（cassette tape）。转录稿为摘要版本。该盒式磁带在伯利恒大学（Bethlehem University）的原始馆藏中被归类为第12盒第1号档案。此文件集隶属于行星伯利恒档案馆（Planet Bethlehem Archive）旗下的伯利恒大学口述历史项目中的奥斯曼帝国与一战馆藏系列。