Table_2_Association between religiosity or spirituality and internet addiction: A systematic review.docx

IntroductionThe literature provides evidence of religiosity being associated with physical and mental health, and also with behavioral addictions. This systematic review examines the data on the link between religiosity or spirituality and the emerging internet addictions.
MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify observational (cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control) studies conducted on adolescents and young adults to investigate the association between religiosity or spirituality and internet addiction. Of the 854 articles identified in the databases, 13 met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review.
ResultsEleven of the 13 studies reviewed specifically investigated religiosity and internet addiction: six found an inverse association between religiosity and internet addiction; three found no evidence of any association; and one found a direct association. One study examining both religiosity and spirituality generated mixed results. Only one study investigated spirituality unrelated to religion, and found a direct association with internet addiction. Two of three studies specifically considering internet gaming addiction found it inversely associated with high levels of religiosity, while the third found no association.
ConclusionThis review supports a possible role for religiosity as a protective factor, as emerged from the majority of the studies examined. Religiosity also seemed to be associated with lower internet gaming rates among adolescents.

引言
现有研究证据表明，宗教信仰（religiosity）与躯体健康、心理健康及行为成瘾均存在关联。本系统综述（systematic review）旨在梳理宗教信仰或灵性（spirituality）与新兴网络成瘾之间关联的相关研究数据。
方法
本研究在PubMed及Scopus数据库中开展系统文献综述，筛选针对青少年与青年成年人、探讨宗教信仰或灵性与网络成瘾关联的观察性（observational study）研究，具体包括横断面（cross-sectional）、队列（cohort）及病例对照（case-control）三类研究。从数据库检索到的854篇文献中，最终有13篇符合纳入标准，被纳入本次系统综述。
结果
纳入本次综述的13项研究中，11项专门探讨了宗教信仰与网络成瘾的关联：其中6项研究发现宗教信仰与网络成瘾呈负相关；3项研究未发现二者存在显著关联；1项研究则报告二者呈正相关。另有1项同时考察宗教信仰与灵性的研究，结果存在不一致性。仅1项研究探讨了脱离宗教框架的灵性与网络成瘾的关联，结果显示二者呈正相关。针对网络游戏成瘾（internet gaming addiction）的3项专项研究中，2项发现高水平宗教信仰与网络游戏成瘾呈负相关，剩余1项则未发现二者存在关联。
结论
本次综述的多数研究结果支持宗教信仰可能作为保护因素发挥作用。此外，宗教信仰似乎与青少年更低的网络游戏成瘾发生率相关。