Data from: Genomic patterns of diversity and divergence of two introduced salmonid species in Patagonia, South America

Invasive species have become widespread in aquatic environments throughout the world, yet there are few studies that have examined genomic variation of multiple introduced species in newly colonized environments. In this study we contrast genomic variation in two salmonid species (anadromous Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, 11,579 SNPs and resident Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis, 13,522 SNPs) with differing invasion success after introduction to new environments in South America relative to populations from their native range in North America. Estimates of genetic diversity were not significantly different between introduced and source populations for either species, indicative of propagule pressure that has been shown to maintain diversity in founding populations relative to their native range. Introduced populations also demonstrated higher connectivity and gene flow than those in their native range. Evidence for candidate loci under divergent selection was observed, but was limited to specific introduced populations and was not widely evident. Patterns of genomic variation were consistent with general dispersal potential of each species and therefore also the notion that life history variation may contribute both to invasion success and subsequent genetic structure of these two salmonids in Patagonia.

外来入侵物种已在全球水生生境中广泛蔓延，但目前鲜有研究针对新近定殖生境中的多种引入物种开展基因组变异分析。本研究选取两种鲑科鱼类作为研究对象：溯河洄游型奇努克鲑（*Oncorhynchus tshawytscha*，含11579个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, SNP）位点）与定居型溪红点鲑（*Salvelinus fontinalis*，含13522个SNP位点），对比了它们在南美新定殖生境中呈现出不同入侵成功程度的种群，与源自北美原生分布区的种群间的基因组变异差异。两种入侵种群与源种群的遗传多样性估计值均无显著差异，这表明繁殖体压力发挥了作用——已有研究证实，该压力可维持奠基种群相较于原生种群的遗传多样性水平。入侵种群的种群连通性与基因流水平也高于其原生分布区的种群。研究观察到了存在趋异选择的候选基因座证据，但该证据仅局限于特定入侵种群，并未在大范围种群中显现。基因组变异模式与两种鲑科鱼类各自的一般扩散潜力相符，同时也支持了以下观点：生活史变异可同时影响这两种鲑科鱼类在巴塔哥尼亚地区的入侵成功性与后续遗传结构。