A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the environmental adaptability and outbreaks of Chlorops oryzae. A chromosome-level genome assembly provides insights into the environmental adaptability and outbreaks of Chlorops oryzae

Chlorops oryzae is a pest of rice that has caused severe damage to crops in major rice-growing areas in recent years. We generated a 447.60 Mb high-quality chromosome-level genome with contig and scaffold N50 values of 1.17 Mb and 117.57 Mb, respectively. Hi-C analysis anchored 93.22% scaffolds to 4 chromosomes. The relatively high expression level of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant genes in response to thermal stress suggests these genes may play a role in the environmental adaptability of C. oryzae. The identification of multiple pathways that regulate reproductive development (juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdsone, and insulin signaling pathways) provides evidence that these pathways also play an important role in vitellogenesis and thus insect population maintenance. These findings identify possible reasons for the increased frequency of outbreaks of C. oryzae in recent years. Our chromosome-level genome assembly may provide a basis for further genetic studies of C. oryzae, and promote the development of novel, sustainable strategies to control this pest. Overall design: Chlorops oryzae female adults were collected for genome analysis.

稻秆蝇（Chlorops oryzae）是水稻害虫，近年来在主要水稻种植区已造成严重作物损害。本研究组装获得大小为447.60 Mb的高质量染色体级别基因组，其重叠群（contig）与支架（scaffold）的N50值分别为1.17 Mb和117.57 Mb。通过Hi-C分析，我们将93.22%的支架锚定至4条染色体上。热激蛋白（Heat Shock Proteins，HSPs）与抗氧化基因在应对热胁迫时呈现相对高表达水平，提示这些基因可能参与稻秆蝇的环境适应性调控。本研究鉴定得到多条调控生殖发育的通路，包括保幼激素通路、20-羟基蜕皮酮通路及胰岛素信号通路，上述发现为这些通路在卵黄发生与昆虫种群维持过程中发挥重要作用提供了佐证。本研究获得的染色体级别基因组组装结果，可为稻秆蝇的后续遗传学研究提供理论基础，并推动开发防治该害虫的新型可持续防控策略。实验设计：采集稻秆蝇雌性成虫用于基因组分析。