Detailed overview of identified barriers.

Introduction
The growing prevalence of chronic diseases globally raised the public health need to improve the effectiveness of preventive medicine through the integration of big data, biological biomarkers and omics technologies. The implementation of personalized preventive approaches in real-world settings is constrained by several barriers. This scoping review aimed to map the barriers hindering the adoption of personalized preventive approaches for chronic diseases in health systems.
Materials and Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and gray literature sources were consulted from 2017 to 2024, to collect reviews on personalized preventive approaches implementation’s barriers. Additionally, we conducted a thematic analysis in order to categorize the identified barriers. The review followed Arksey-O’Malley guidelines and PRISMA-ScR checklist,
Results
283 barriers were extracted from 37 reviews, and categorized into six main domains, namely “Research” (30 reviews), “Organizational Aspects” (27 reviews), “Healthcare Professionals” (28 reviews), “Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues” (29 reviews), “Public” (24 reviews), and “Financial concerns” (23 reviews). The research domain was characterized by lack of generalizability, clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness evidence. Organizational barriers included operational inefficiencies and unclear implementation frameworks. Healthcare professionals struggle with insufficient personalized prevention literacy. Ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and health inequities represent a burden to deal with for actual translation into practice, as well as the general mistrust of individuals and inadequate financial mechanisms,
Conclusions
Our findings showed how several factors threaten the progress of many innovations in the field of personalized prevention across different populations and chronic diseases, highlighting the need for further efforts in personalized preventive approaches implementation.

引言
全球慢性病患病率的持续攀升，使得公共卫生领域亟需通过整合大数据、生物标志物与组学（omics）技术，提升预防医学的有效性。然而在真实世界场景中推行个性化预防方案仍面临多重制约因素。本范围综述（scoping review）旨在梳理卫生系统内阻碍慢性病个性化预防方案应用的各类障碍。

材料与方法
本研究检索了2017年至2024年间PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus及灰色文献资源，收集有关慢性病个性化预防方案实施障碍的综述文献。此外，本研究采用主题分析法（thematic analysis）对识别出的障碍因素进行分类。本综述遵循Arksey-O’Malley范围综述指南与系统综述与Meta分析范围综述扩展报告清单（PRISMA-ScR）规范。

结果
本研究从37篇综述文献中提取出283项障碍因素，并将其划分为六大核心领域：“研究”（涉及30篇综述）、“组织层面”（涉及27篇综述）、“医疗卫生从业人员”（涉及28篇综述）、“伦理、法律与社会议题”（涉及29篇综述）、“公众”（涉及24篇综述）以及“财务顾虑”（涉及23篇综述）。研究领域的核心障碍为缺乏可推广性、临床疗效与成本效益相关证据；组织层面障碍包括运营效率低下与实施框架模糊不清；医疗卫生从业人员面临个性化预防相关专业素养不足的困境；伦理争议、数据隐私问题与健康公平性缺口均为实践转化的阻碍，此外还包括公众普遍的不信任感与不完善的财务保障机制。

结论
本研究结果表明，在不同人群与慢性病领域中，多项因素均制约着个性化预防领域诸多创新成果的推进进程，凸显了进一步推动个性化预防方案落地实施的必要性。