Rust fungi (Pucciniales) in plants of the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Central Amazon, Brazil

Abstract This work presents the Pucciniales fungi species found as parasites of plants in a forest area of the Amazon biome located in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (ADFR) in Manaus (AM), Brazil. Seventeen species were identified and all represent the first record for the study area. They were Aecidium annonae, A. amazonense, A. juruense, A. xylopiae, Crossopsora piperis, Desmella aneimiae, Dietelia duguetiae, Edythea palmaea, Porotenus biporus, P. memorae, Puccinia bambusarum, P. heliconiae, P. thaliae, Sphenospora smilacina, Uredo borreriae, U. maceiensis and U. pusilla. All represent the first record for the field of study. The list includes new records for Brazil (U. pusilla), for the Amazon region (D. duguetiae) and for the state of Amazonas (A. nnonae, A. xylopiae, C. piperis, E. palmaea, P. biporus and S. smilacina). Rust species were recorded in 17 genera and 12 families of plants (Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Smilacaceae e Tectariaceae). Five rust species occurred on members of the family Annonaceae, and two species on Bignoniaceae; an identification key was created for the Pucciniales fungi found on these two families. Descriptions, geographical distributions, taxonomic comments, and illustrations for the new records for Brazil and for the Amazon are provided.

摘要 本研究报道了巴西马瑙斯市阿道弗·杜克森林保护区（Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, ADFR）内亚马逊生物群系林区中发现的植物寄生锈菌目（Pucciniales）真菌物种。共鉴定出17个物种，均为该研究区域的首次记录，分别为：番荔枝锈孢锈菌（Aecidium annonae）、亚马逊锈孢锈菌（A. amazonense）、尤鲁锈孢锈菌（A. juruense）、木蓝锈孢锈菌（A. xylopiae）、胡椒叉丝锈菌（Crossopsora piperis）、安尼姆被锈菌（Desmella aneimiae）、杜圭亚戴蒂锈菌（Dietelia duguetiae）、棕榈埃德锈菌（Edythea palmaea）、双孔孔锈菌（Porotenus biporus）、膜孔锈菌（P. memorae）、竹蓖锈菌（Puccinia bambusarum）、蝎尾蕉柄锈菌（P. heliconiae）、塔利亚柄锈菌（P. thaliae）、菝葜穗锈菌（Sphenospora smilacina）、博雷里亚夏孢锈菌（Uredo borreriae）、马塞夏孢锈菌（U. maceiensis）以及矮小夏孢锈菌（U. pusilla）。上述所有物种均为本研究领域的首次报道。本名录中包含巴西的新记录物种（矮小夏孢锈菌U. pusilla）、亚马逊地区的新记录物种（杜圭亚戴蒂锈菌D. duguetiae）以及亚马逊州的新记录物种（番荔枝锈孢锈菌A. annonae、木蓝锈孢锈菌A. xylopiae、胡椒叉丝锈菌C. piperis、棕榈埃德锈菌E. palmaea、双孔孔锈菌P. biporus以及菝葜穗锈菌S. smilacina）。本次记录的锈菌物种分别寄生于17个植物属及12个植物科，涵盖番荔枝科（Annonaceae）、棕榈科（Arecaceae）、紫葳科（Bignoniaceae）、大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）、豆科（Fabaceae）、蝎尾蕉科（Heliconiaceae）、竹芋科（Marantaceae）、胡椒科（Piperaceae）、禾本科（Poaceae）、茜草科（Rubiaceae）、菝葜科（Smilacaceae）以及三叉蕨科（Tectariaceae）。其中5种锈菌寄生于番荔枝科植物，2种锈菌寄生于紫葳科植物；研究人员针对这两个科上发现的锈菌目真菌构建了分类鉴定检索表。本文还为巴西及亚马逊地区的新记录物种提供了形态描述、地理分布、分类学评述及相关图鉴。