Soil Moisture Profile Dataset of Wheat-Millet-Corn Rotation (2023–2024) in Loess Plateau

This data set was derived from the long-term rotation fertilization experiment of Changwu Loess Plateau Agricultural Ecological Experiment Station (107°40′30″E,35°12′30″N) of the Institute of Water and Soil Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The experiment located in a typical dryland agricultural area on the Loess Plateau, with a semi-arid continental monsoon climate. The dataset was based on the wheat-millet-corn rotation system and recorded the dynamics of soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity at the rootzone profile (20 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm and 100 cm) from 2023 to 2024, with a total of 500 data points. CR800 data collector combined with RS-WS790 three parameter sensor were used for continuous automatic monitoring, and then the data were calculated as daily average. For data quality verification, drying method was used to measure the soil moisture and the thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the plow layer. The dataset fully presents the temporal variation patterns of soil water, heat and salt parameters at different soil depths. This dataset provides direct observational evidence for studying the changes in the microenvironment of farmland soil profiles in the Loess Plateau region and evaluating the coupled transport mechanism of water, heat and salt at different soil depths. It is of great significance for deepening the research on efficient water utilization and soil health management in dryland agricultural ecosystems.

本数据集源自中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原长武农业生态试验站（东经107°40′30″，北纬35°12′30″）的长期轮作施肥试验。试验场地位于黄土高原典型旱作农业区，气候类型为半干旱大陆性季风气候。本数据集以小麦-谷子-玉米轮作制度为基础，记录了2023年至2024年根层剖面（20cm、40cm、60cm、80cm及100cm）的土壤水分、温度及电导率动态变化，共计500组数据。采用CR800数据采集器（CR800 data collector）与RS-WS790三参数传感器（RS-WS790 three parameter sensor）开展连续自动监测，随后将监测数据换算为日平均值。为保障数据质量，采用烘干法测定土壤水分，使用温度计测定耕作层土壤温度。本数据集完整呈现了不同土壤深度下土壤水、热、盐参数的时间变异规律。该数据集可为研究黄土高原地区农田土壤剖面微环境变化、评估不同土层水-热-盐耦合运移机制提供直接观测依据，对深化旱作农业生态系统高效用水与土壤健康管理研究具有重要意义。