Dietary patterns and factors associated in teachers of a private institution of higher education

Abstract Background Dietary pattern adopted by individuals seems to be related to sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and anthropometric parameters, and it may also reflect their health outcomes. Objective To identify dietary patterns and verify the associated factors among higher education teachers. Method Cross-sectional study with teachers from a South Brazil higher education private institution was carried out. It was evaluated the food consumption by a Food Consumption Markers Form and were collected sociodemographic, food, behavioral and anthropometric data. Factorial analysis of major components was performed to identify dietary patterns, and chi-square test and Poisson Regression to verify the association between exposure and outcome. Results Four dietary patterns described the food consumption of the 250 individuals, being two considered healthy (healthy and protein), constituted by health protector foods, and two (Western and snack), classified as mixed and of health risk, because it present both healthy food as those markers of an unhealthy eating, with predominance of the last. Teachers with characteristics of healthy life style showed larger adherence to healthy and protein patterns, and inverse relation with the Western. Those with greater actuation at the health area courses had larger adherence to protein pattern. Conclusion The large adherence of those with positive health aspects to healthy dietary patterns and their inverse relation to the Western pattern, they are probably related to the socioeconomic and demographic profile, characteristic of the population.

【研究背景】个体所采用的饮食模式与社会人口学因素、生活方式及人体测量学参数密切相关，同时也可反映个体的健康结局。【研究目的】明确高等教育教师的饮食模式，并验证其相关影响因素。【研究方法】本研究针对巴西南部一所私立高等教育机构的教师开展横断面研究。采用食物摄入标记问卷（Food Consumption Markers Form）评估食物摄入情况，收集社会人口学、饮食、行为及人体测量学相关数据。通过主成分分析识别饮食模式，并采用卡方检验与泊松回归分析验证暴露因素与结局之间的关联。【研究结果】共纳入250名受试者，其食物摄入特征可归纳为4种饮食模式：其中2种为健康导向模式（健康型与蛋白质型），由具有健康保护作用的食物构成；另外2种分别为西式模式与零食模式，被归类为混合性健康风险模式，因其同时包含健康食物与不健康饮食相关标记食物，且以不健康食物占比更高。具备健康生活方式特征的教师对健康型与蛋白质型饮食模式的依从性更高，而与西式饮食模式呈负相关。在健康相关学科领域任教的教师对蛋白质型饮食模式的依从性更高。【研究结论】具备正向健康特征的人群对健康饮食模式的依从性更高，且与西式饮食模式呈负相关，此类关联或与该研究人群的社会经济及人口学特征相关，契合该群体的固有特征。