Chibatamoto FBC Data Set.xlsx

<b>Background:</b> Breast cancer continues to be a public health issue in Botswana. However, there is limited evidence on the association of risk factors with the stages at which diagnosis is done. This study provides evidence on association between risk factors and the stages at which breast cancer is diagnosed among adult females in Botswana.<b>Methods</b>: A cross‐sectional study of 211 Botswana adult women with confirmed breast cancer at public oncology centers was conducted over 10 months in 2022. Data on known risk factors was collected, and statistical tests performed using STATA.<b>Results:</b><b> </b>The median age of participants at the time of first diagnosis was 50 years. Forty-six percent (46%) of the diagnosed women had advanced stages of breast cancer. Univariate analysis showed significant association of the following four factors with late breast cancer diagnosis; single and never married (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.036-0.932), history of iregular menses (OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.013-2.627), breast cup size (OR 0.57, 0.336-0.968), and age at first full-time pregnancy (OR 0.86, 0.606-1.209). In a bivariate analysis, occupation (p = 0.029), age at first full-term pregnancy (p = 0.042) and type of current breast cancer (p = 0.002) were observed to be associated with late breast cancer diagnosis among women in Botswana. In a multivariate analysis, known second degree family history (OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.129-0.893) and ductal carcinoma (OR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.083-6.071) were significant predictors of late breast cancer diagnosis among women in four cancer designated catchment centres in Botswana.<b>Conclusion:</b> Women in Botswana present with advanced stages of breast cancer at time of first diagnosis. The risk factors associated with this delayed diagnosis have been identified. We recommend upscaled campaigns targeting women to raise awareness of risk factors and the importance of early detection and access to care.

**背景：** 乳腺癌仍是博茨瓦纳面临的公共卫生问题。目前关于危险因素与乳腺癌确诊分期之间关联的研究证据较为匮乏。本研究旨在阐明博茨瓦纳成年女性群体中，乳腺癌危险因素与确诊分期的关联情况。**方法：** 本研究于2022年开展，为期10个月，纳入了博茨瓦纳公立肿瘤科中心确诊的211名成年女性乳腺癌患者。研究收集了已知乳腺癌危险因素相关数据，并采用STATA软件完成统计学检验。**结果：** 研究对象首次确诊时的中位年龄为50岁。46%的确诊女性处于乳腺癌进展期。单因素分析显示，以下四项因素与乳腺癌晚期确诊存在显著关联：单身且从未婚（比值比OR=0.18，95%置信区间CI：0.036~0.932）、月经不调史（OR=1.63，95%CI：1.013~2.627）、乳房罩杯尺寸（OR=0.57，95%CI：0.336~0.968）以及首次足月妊娠年龄（OR=0.86，95%CI：0.606~1.209）。双因素分析结果显示，在博茨瓦纳女性群体中，职业（p=0.029）、首次足月妊娠年龄（p=0.042）以及当前乳腺癌分型（p=0.002）与乳腺癌晚期确诊存在关联。多因素分析结果表明，在博茨瓦纳四家癌症指定收治区域中心的女性患者中，已知二级亲属家族史（OR=0.34，95%CI：0.129~0.893）与导管癌（OR=2.56，95%CI：1.083~6.071）是乳腺癌晚期确诊的显著预测因素。**结论：** 博茨瓦纳女性在首次确诊乳腺癌时，多已处于疾病进展期。本研究明确了与该延迟确诊情况相关的危险因素。我们建议针对女性群体开展升级推广的宣传活动，以提升大众对乳腺癌危险因素、早期筛查重要性以及诊疗服务可及性的认知。