Common elements of evidence-based trauma therapy for children and adolescents

<b>Background:</b> Numerous evidence-based trauma therapies for children and adolescents have been developed over several decades to minimize the negative outcomes of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PTSD remains a complex construct and is associated with pervasive problems and high comorbidity. To gain more insight, much could be learnt from the similarities in trauma therapies. <b>Objective:</b> The purpose of this study is to derive common elements from evidence-based trauma therapies for children and adolescents. <b>Method:</b> Therapies were selected from a literature search. Five evidence-based trauma therapies were included in this study. A common element list was created through an existing and modified Delphi method, with a diverse group of Dutch trauma therapists. An element was deemed common when it appeared in three or more of the therapies. The final list was presented to international experts on the included trauma therapies. <b>Results:</b> A substantial commonality of techniques and mechanisms was found across the five evidence-based trauma therapies for children and adolescents, showing a strong overlap between therapies. <b>Conclusion:</b> The identified elements create a basis for research and clinical practice, with regard to targeted trauma therapies tailored to each individual child and his or her support system. This promotes therapy modules that are more flexible and accessible for both therapists and clients, in every environment, from specialized psychiatric units to sites with meagre resources. With current integrated knowledge, we can enhance the effectiveness of child psychiatry and refine trauma therapies. Using a modified Delphi method, a substantial commonality of techniques and mechanisms is found in evidence-based trauma therapies for children and adolescents.Understanding the techniques and mechanisms of trauma therapy could be of help in refining upcoming therapies, and creates a basis for future research.Commonalities promote therapy modules that are more flexible and accessible for both therapists and clients, in environments ranging from specialized psychiatric units to sites with meagre resources. Using a modified Delphi method, a substantial commonality of techniques and mechanisms is found in evidence-based trauma therapies for children and adolescents. Understanding the techniques and mechanisms of trauma therapy could be of help in refining upcoming therapies, and creates a basis for future research. Commonalities promote therapy modules that are more flexible and accessible for both therapists and clients, in environments ranging from specialized psychiatric units to sites with meagre resources.

<b>背景：</b>数十年来，学界已开发出诸多针对儿童青少年的循证创伤治疗方案，旨在减轻创伤后应激障碍（Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD）带来的不良预后。然而，PTSD仍是一个复杂的临床构念，常伴随广泛的功能损害与高共病率。若要加深对该病症的理解，我们可从各类创伤治疗的共通之处汲取大量启示。
<b>目的：</b>本研究旨在从针对儿童青少年的循证创伤治疗方案中提取共通要素。
<b>方法：</b>研究通过文献检索筛选治疗方案，最终纳入5种循证创伤治疗方案。研究采用经改良的德尔菲法（Delphi Method），联合荷兰多学科创伤治疗师团队制定共通要素清单。当某一要素同时出现在3种及以上纳入的治疗方案中时，即被认定为共通要素。最终形成的要素清单提交给纳入治疗方案的国际专家进行审核。
<b>结果：</b>本研究发现，5种针对儿童青少年的循证创伤治疗方案在技术与作用机制上存在高度共通性，各疗法间重叠度极高。
<b>结论：</b>本研究识别的共通要素可为个体化创伤治疗的研究与临床实践提供基础，助力为每位儿童青少年及其支持系统定制针对性治疗方案。此类共通要素可开发出更具灵活性与可及性的治疗模块，适用于从专科精神卫生机构到资源匮乏场所的各类场景。依托当前整合的研究知识，我们可提升儿童精神卫生服务的有效性，优化创伤治疗方案。通过改良德尔菲法，本研究发现针对儿童青少年的循证创伤治疗方案在技术与作用机制上存在显著共通性。深入理解创伤治疗的技术与作用机制，有助于优化后续开发的治疗方案，并为未来研究奠定基础。共通性特征可催生更具灵活性与可及性的治疗模块，覆盖从专科精神卫生机构到资源匮乏场所的各类应用场景。通过改良德尔菲法，本研究再次证实针对儿童青少年的循证创伤治疗方案在技术与作用机制上存在显著共通性。深入理解创伤治疗的技术与作用机制，有助于优化后续开发的治疗方案，并为未来研究奠定基础。共通性特征可催生更具灵活性与可及性的治疗模块，覆盖从专科精神卫生机构到资源匮乏场所的各类应用场景。