Gut microbiome characterization of urban and traditional amazonian populations

The disappearing gut microbiome of Amazonian traditional populations hasbeen a topic of debate and great concern. A recent shift in subsistence strategy among indigenous peoples ofthe Brazilian Amazon may be one main factors related to the increasing prevalence of typicallywestern diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this project is characterizethe gut microbiome of indigenous and urban individuals from the BrazilianAmazon.Our ?findings show that the indigenous population has the highest microbialdiversity, followed populations urban individuals. Compositional analyses pointed to awesternization transition among these populations and the gradual loss oftypically traditional taxa, such as Treponema. The increasing rhythm observed in terms of the prevalence of metabolic diseases and it's association with the gut microbiome makes thecharacterization of Brazilian Amazonian populations an urgent topic in terms ofpublic health.

亚马逊原住民群体的肠道微生物组（gut microbiome）正在消失，这一现象一直是学界热议且备受关注的议题。巴西亚马逊地区原住民近期在生计方式上的转变，可能是导致肥胖、2型糖尿病等典型西方疾病患病率攀升的主要相关因素之一。本项目旨在解析巴西亚马逊地区原住民与城市居民的肠道微生物组特征。研究结果显示，原住民群体的微生物多样性最高，其次为城市居民群体。群落组成分析表明，这些群体存在肠道菌群的西方化转变趋势，且典型的传统微生物类群（如密螺旋体属Treponema）正逐渐流失。代谢疾病患病率不断上升的趋势，及其与肠道微生物组的关联，使得巴西亚马逊地区人群的肠道菌群解析成为公共卫生领域的紧迫议题。