Standardized, piloted charting form.

IntroductionLeishmaniases are a vector-borne parasitic diseases with diverse clinical manifestations involving multiple Leishmania species and animal hosts. While most leishmaniasis cases are caused by a few well characterized Leishmania species, reports describe infections by unconventional or emerging Leishmania taxa, atypical clinical presentations from classical species, and occurrences of atypical Leishmania in animal hosts. These underrecognized infections present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and are rarely reflected in surveillance systems or clinical guidelines. A systematic mapping of this evolving landscape is needed to guide future diagnostics, policy, and research priorities.Methods and analysisFollowing the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we will search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PROSPERO, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus, as well as relevant grey literature. Eligible studies will include human cases with clinical presentations that diverge from those typically associated with well-characterized Leishmania species, reports involving unconventional or emerging Leishmania species, and animal cases of veterinary relevance caused by non-classical species, regardless of study design. Dual independent screening of records and data extraction using a standardized charting form will be conducted. Discrepancies between reviewers will be resolved by consensus. Data will be summarized descriptively through tables, figures, and thematic synthesis. Research gaps will be identified to inform future studies and public health strategies.DisseminationThis review will use data from published sources and findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, presentations at scientific conferences, and sharing with relevant stakeholders. The results are intended to inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers about the evolving landscape of leishmaniasis and to highlight priorities for future research and surveillance.

引言
利什曼病（Leishmaniases）是一类经媒介传播的寄生虫病，临床表现多样，可累及多种利什曼原虫（Leishmania）物种与动物宿主。尽管多数利什曼病病例由少数已得到充分表征的利什曼原虫物种引发，但已有文献报道了非常规或新发利什曼原虫类群引发的感染、经典物种导致的非典型临床表现，以及动物宿主中出现非典型利什曼原虫的情况。这些未被充分识别的感染给诊断与治疗带来挑战，且极少被纳入监测系统或临床指南。当前亟需对这一不断演变的研究图景开展系统性梳理，以指导未来的诊断工作、政策制定与研究优先级设定。

方法与分析
本研究遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute, JBI）方法学与PRISMA-ScR指南，将检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆（CENTRAL）、PROSPERO、Web of Science、全球医学索引（Global Index Medicus）数据库，以及相关灰色文献。纳入研究的对象包括：临床表现与经典已表征利什曼原虫物种典型表现不符的人类病例、涉及非常规或新发利什曼原虫物种的报道，以及由非经典物种引发的具有兽医相关性的动物病例，且不限制研究设计类型。研究将由两名研究者独立完成文献筛选与数据提取，并采用标准化数据记录表。审阅者间的分歧将通过协商一致解决。研究将通过表格、图示与主题综合法对数据进行描述性汇总，并识别现有研究缺口，为未来研究与公共卫生策略制定提供参考。

成果传播
本综述将采用已发表数据源，研究成果将通过同行评议期刊发表、学术会议汇报以及与相关利益相关者共享的方式进行传播。本综述结果旨在向临床医师、研究者与政策制定者介绍利什曼病不断演变的研究图景，并明确未来研究与监测工作的重点方向。