Logistics Performance Indicators (LPI) 2.0

ABSTRACT 2025 LPI 2.0 REPORT “Connecting to Compete”
The 2025 Logistics Performance Indicators (LPI 2.0) report by the World Bank introduces a new data-driven approach to assessing global logistics performance, replacing the previous perception-based index with indicators based on shipment- and vessel-level tracking data across maritime, aviation, and postal logistics. The indicators offer detailed insights into connectivity and time efficiency in international trade supply chains.
• Transition to data-driven indicators: The LPI 2.0 replaces the traditional survey-based LPI with indicators derived from hundreds of millions of shipment and vessel tracking records, capturing logistics performance in maritime, air, and postal sectors globally.
• Core indicators focus: Six core indicators measure connectivity (number of partner countries) and time (import dwell times and delivery times) across maritime shipping, air cargo, and business-to-business postal deliveries, reflecting the speed and reliability of supply chains.
• Supplementary indicators: Additional metrics include export dwell times, ship turnaround times, transshipment frequency and duration, and postal business-to-consumer delivery times, providing further granularity on logistics performance and challenges such as hub dependence and e-commerce logistics.
• Challenges for landlocked developing countries: LLDCs face longer and more complex logistics delays due to transit dependencies and border procedures, with container import delays divided among port dwell time, corridor transit, and inland clearance, highlighting the need for regional trade facilitation and infrastructure improvements.
• Policy implications: The LPI 2.0 indicators inform policymakers on logistics bottlenecks, emphasizing improvements in border clearance, infrastructure, customs procedures, and competitive market frameworks to enhance supply chain speed and reliability. Benchmarking against peers helps target reforms effectively.
• Data sources and accessibility: The report leverages data from maritime data providers and a major global shipping line for maritime data, Cargo iQ for air cargo, and the Universal Postal Union for postal shipments, with results and detailed indicators publicly available on the World Bank's LPI website (https://lpi.worldbank.org/) for use in analysis and policymaking.

【摘要】2025年物流绩效指数（Logistics Performance Indicators，简称LPI）2.0报告：联结制胜
世界银行发布的2025年物流绩效指数（LPI）2.0报告，引入了全新的数据驱动型全球物流绩效评估范式，摒弃了此前基于主观感知的指数体系，转而采用覆盖海运、航空及邮政物流领域的货件与船舶级追踪数据构建的评估指标。该系列指标可为国际贸易供应链的联通性与时效效率提供详实深入的洞察。
• 转向数据驱动型指标体系：LPI 2.0以数亿条货件与船舶追踪记录衍生的指标，取代了传统基于调研的LPI体系，全方位捕捉全球海运、航空及邮政物流领域的物流绩效表现。
• 核心指标聚焦方向：六大核心指标围绕海运、航空货运及企业对企业（business-to-business，简称B2B）邮政配送三大领域，从联通性（伙伴国数量）与时效（进口停留时长及配送时长）两个维度进行衡量，直观反映供应链的运行速度与可靠性。
• 补充指标体系：额外纳入的统计指标还包括出口停留时长、船舶周转时长、转运频次与耗时，以及企业对消费者（business-to-consumer，简称B2C）邮政配送时长，可进一步细化物流绩效与相关挑战的分析，例如枢纽依赖与电商物流等议题。
• 内陆发展中国家面临的发展困境：内陆发展中国家（Landlocked Developing Countries，简称LLDCs）因过境依赖与边境流程繁杂，面临更长且更复杂的物流延误；集装箱进口延误可拆解为港口停留时长、通道过境及内陆清关三个环节，这凸显了推进区域贸易便利化与基础设施升级的必要性。
• 政策制定参考价值：LPI 2.0指标可为政策制定者精准识别物流瓶颈提供决策依据，重点强调需优化边境清关流程、升级基础设施、完善海关监管制度及构建竞争性市场框架，以全面提升供应链的运行速度与可靠性。通过与同行进行基准对比，可更高效精准地推进改革工作。
• 数据来源与开放可及性：本报告的数据来源包括海运数据提供商与全球头部航运公司的海运数据、航空货运领域的Cargo iQ平台数据、以及万国邮政联盟（Universal Postal Union）的邮政货件数据。报告结果与详细指标可在世界银行LPI官方网站（https://lpi.worldbank.org/）公开获取，以供学术分析与政策制定使用。