Corn and soybean response to wastewater-recovered and other common phosphorus fertilizers

Abstract - Recycling phosphorus (P) from wastewaters could provide a sustainable source of P that could also protect surface water quality from P enrichment. Struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) is a material that can be created from P-containing wastewater and has been shown to have agricultural fertilizer value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST), chemically precipitated struvite (Crystal Green; CG), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), rock phosphate (RP), and triple superphosphate (TSP) on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) response in a 79-day greenhouse pot study. Soybean aboveground dry matter (DM) and yield were unaffected by fertilizer-P treatments, but belowground, pod, and stem-leave tissue-P concentrations differed among fertilizer treatments. Total corn DM from ECST did not differ from that from RP and TSP, but was 1.2 times greater than that from CG. Belowground corn DM from ECST was 1.9 times greater than that from CG, TSP, and DAP. Corn belowground tissue P concentration from CG did not differ from that from DAP, TSP, and MAP, but was 1.4 times larger than that from ECST. Corn cob-plus-husk tissue P concentration from ECST was similar to that from MAP and DAP and was 1.2 times greater than that from CG. Results of this study not only provide information on the relatively new ECST material, but also substantiate the need for additional research on struvite as a potential alternative fertilizer-P source and the potential impact on sustainable food production and water quality preservation.

摘要——从废水中回收磷（P）可获得可持续的磷资源，同时还能保护地表水免受磷富集的污染。鸟粪石（struvite，MgNH4PO4·6H2O）是一种可由含磷废水制备的材料，已被证实具备农用肥料价值。本研究通过为期79天的温室盆栽试验，评估了电化学沉淀法制备的鸟粪石（ECST）、化学沉淀法制备的鸟粪石（Crystal Green；CG）、磷酸氢二铵（DAP）、磷酸二氢铵（MAP）、磷矿粉（RP）以及重过磷酸钙（TSP）对玉米（Zea mays L.）和大豆（Glycine max L.）生长的影响。大豆地上部干物质（DM）与产量不受施磷肥料处理的影响，但不同肥料处理下大豆地下部、豆荚及茎叶的组织磷浓度存在显著差异。电化学沉淀鸟粪石（ECST）处理的玉米总干物质与磷矿粉（RP）、重过磷酸钙（TSP）处理无显著差异，但较化学沉淀鸟粪石（CG）处理高1.2倍。ECST处理的玉米地下部干物质较CG、TSP及DAP处理高1.9倍。CG处理的玉米地下部组织磷浓度与DAP、TSP、MAP处理无显著差异，但较ECST处理高1.4倍。ECST处理的玉米穗轴-苞叶组织磷浓度与MAP、DAP处理相近，较CG处理高1.2倍。本研究结果不仅为相对新兴的ECST材料提供了基础数据支撑，同时也证实了需开展更多关于鸟粪石作为潜在替代磷源肥料的相关研究，以及其对可持续粮食生产与水质保护的潜在影响。