Chemical Composition Raw Pumice.

Pharmaceutical contaminants in wastewater pose critical environmental and public health risks due to their persistent nature and resistance to conventional treatment. To address this challenge, we developed an innovative, green-synthesized Fe2O3-MnO2 nano-hybrid catalyst supported on acid-activated Syrian pumice. The catalyst was prepared via an eco-friendly hydrothermal method using Laurus nobilis leaf extract as a bio-reducing agent, emphasizing sustainability. Structural characterization revealed significant enhancement in surface properties, with the modified catalyst exhibiting a high surface area (214.7 ± 3.5 m2/g) and optimized pore architecture (0.36 cm3/g volume, 6.7 nm average diameter) featuring 80% mesopores and 20% micropores. Under mild conditions (pH 7, 25°C, 0.5 g/L catalyst dose, 10 mM peroxymonosulfate), the system achieved 92.3% COD and 93.5% BOD5 removal within 3 hours for wastewater laden with the beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin (50 mg/L). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the complete degradation of the target pollutants, with no toxic intermediate byproducts detected. The catalyst exhibited exceptional stability, retaining >86% efficiency after five reuse cycles, with minimal metal leaching (Fe/Mn 5 removal, demonstrating scalability. This study bridges nanotechnology and circular economy principles by valorizing locally abundant volcanic pumice (a natural waste) through an eco-friendly synthesis route, presenting a scalable and industrially viable solution for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

废水中的药物污染物因具有持久性且难以被常规处理工艺去除，对环境与公众健康构成严重威胁。为应对这一挑战，我们开发了一款负载于酸活化叙利亚浮石（acid-activated Syrian pumice）的创新型绿色合成三氧化二铁-二氧化锰（Fe₂O₃-MnO₂）纳米复合催化剂。该催化剂采用环境友好的水热法制备，以月桂（Laurus nobilis）叶提取物作为生物还原剂（bio-reducing agent），充分彰显可持续发展理念。结构表征结果显示，改性催化剂的表面性能得到显著提升，其比表面积可达(214.7±3.5) m²/g，孔结构优化：孔容0.36 cm³/g、平均孔径6.7 nm，其中介孔（mesopores）占比80%，微孔（micropores）占比20%。在温和反应条件（pH=7、25℃、催化剂投加量0.5 g/L、过一硫酸盐（peroxymonosulfate）浓度10 mM）下，针对含有50 mg/L β-内酰胺类（beta-lactam）抗生素阿莫西林（amoxicillin）的废水，该体系在3小时内即可实现92.3%的化学需氧量（COD）去除率与93.5%的五日生化需氧量（BOD5）去除率。液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）分析证实目标污染物已完全降解，未检测到任何有毒中间副产物。该催化剂稳定性优异，历经5次循环使用后仍保留86%以上的处理效率，且铁、锰金属浸出量极低，展现出良好的可扩展性。本研究将纳米技术与循环经济（circular economy）理念相结合，通过环境友好的合成路径对本地储量丰富的火山浮石（一种天然废弃物）进行资源化利用，为制药废水处理提供了一种可规模化应用且具备工业可行性的解决方案。