中国森林碳计量方法与应用

本项目针对温室气体减排的国家需求和林业应对气候变化发展战略，研究制订了中国森林碳计量的系列方法与标准，并在实践中进行了成功应用。 1.中国林业碳计量与核算系统 项目独立开发并注册了“中国林业碳计量与核算系统(V1.O)”，主要包括本项目建立的国家和省级“土地利用变化和林业温室气体清单编制”方法学、中国温室气体自愿减排交易体系下的“森林经营碳汇项目方法学”和“碳汇造林项目方法学”等内容。系统方法遵循IPCC国家温室气体清单指南和国际温室气体减排交易林业碳汇项目方法学的基本原则，充分结合了中国土地利用和林业活动特点，并构建了适用于中国主要优势树种（组）和森林类型的碳计量参数与模型数据集。 2.中国木质林产品碳计量方法 构建了符合中国木质林产品国际贸易特点的碳储量估算“生产法”和国家特有的计量参数集，研究了中国木质林产品的碳储量现状及其未来趋势，并对比分析了其它估算方法和“生产法”对我国的可能影响。 3.森林土壤有机碳垂直分布模型 建立了森林土壤碳储量调查的抽样与样地布设、林分调查、剖面挖掘、样品采集、实验室分析、和碳储量统计方法规范，开发了适用于区域尺度森林土壤有机碳计量的垂直分布模型，以提高森林土壤碳计量精度并降低计量监测成本。

This project developed a series of methods and standards for forest carbon measurement in China in response to national demands for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and the development strategy of forestry to address climate change, and has been successfully applied in practice.
1. China Forestry Carbon Measurement and Accounting System
The project independently developed and registered the "China Forestry Carbon Measurement and Accounting System (V1.0)", which mainly includes the national and provincial "Greenhouse Gas Inventory Compilation for Land Use Change and Forestry" methodologies established in this project, as well as the "Forest Management Carbon Sequestration Project Methodology" and "Afforestation for Carbon Sequestration Project Methodology" under China's voluntary GHG emission reduction trading system. The system's methodologies follow the basic principles of the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and international forestry carbon sequestration project methodologies for GHG emission reduction trading, fully integrate the characteristics of China's land use and forestry activities, and construct a carbon measurement parameter and model dataset applicable to China's main dominant tree species (groups) and forest types.
2. Carbon Measurement Methods for China's Wood Forest Products
A "production method" for carbon stock estimation and a nationally unique measurement parameter set that conforms to the characteristics of China's international trade in wood forest products were developed. The current status and future trends of carbon stocks in China's wood forest products were studied, and a comparative analysis was conducted on the potential impacts of other estimation methods and the "production method" on China.
3. Vertical Distribution Model of Forest Soil Organic Carbon
Specifications for sampling and plot layout, stand survey, profile excavation, sample collection, laboratory analysis, and carbon stock statistics for forest soil carbon stock surveys were established. A vertical distribution model applicable to regional-scale forest soil organic carbon measurement was developed to improve the accuracy of forest soil carbon measurement and reduce the cost of measurement and monitoring.