Promising green banana and plantain genotypes for making flour

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize banana and plantain genotypes and to identify the most promising for flour production. Sixteen plantain genotypes and four banana cultivars were evaluated for dry matter content and flour yield. The obtained flours were characterized by color (L*, C*, and h*) and by moisture, total and resistant starch, ash, protein, lipid, and fiber contents. A low genetic variability was observed among plantains for the evaluated physicochemical and nutritional characteristics. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Terra Ponta Aparada, Trois Vert, Terrinha, and Terra Maranhão plantains showed the highest dry matter contents and flour yield. The Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Curare Enano, Mongolo, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains and the 'Pacovan', 'Prata Anã', 'BRS Platina', and 'BRS SCS Belluna' bananas had resistant starch levels above 60%. The flour from 'BRS SCS Belluna' presented the highest contents of ash, protein, and fiber, as well as the lowest caloric value. Considering dry matter content, flour yields, and resistant starch, the Chifre de Vaca, Comprida, Trois Vert, and Terra Maranhão plantains are the best options to produce flour. From a nutritional point of view, 'BRS SCS Belluna' is a good option for producing flour rich in resistant starch, mineral, protein, and fiber contents.

摘要：本研究旨在对香蕉（banana）与大蕉（plantain）基因型进行表征，并筛选出最适宜用于面粉生产的优良材料。本试验共评估了16份大蕉基因型与4份香蕉栽培品种的干物质含量（dry matter content）与面粉得率（flour yield）。对所制备的面粉，从色泽参数（L*、C*、h*）以及水分、总淀粉、抗性淀粉（resistant starch）、灰分、蛋白质、脂质、膳食纤维含量等方面进行了表征。结果显示，供试大蕉群体的理化与营养特性遗传变异程度较低。其中，Chifre de Vaca、Comprida、Terra Ponta Aparada、Trois Vert、Terrinha及Terra Maranhão这6份大蕉的干物质含量与面粉得率均最高。Chifre de Vaca、Comprida、Curare Enano、Mongolo、Trois Vert、Terra Maranhão大蕉，以及‘Pacovan’、‘Prata Anã’、‘BRS Platina’、‘BRS SCS Belluna’4份香蕉栽培品种的抗性淀粉含量均高于60%。‘BRS SCS Belluna’制备的面粉灰分、蛋白质与膳食纤维含量最高，且热量值最低。综合干物质含量、面粉得率与抗性淀粉含量三项指标，Chifre de Vaca、Comprida、Trois Vert及Terra Maranhão大蕉是生产面粉的最优选择。从营养品质角度而言，‘BRS SCS Belluna’是制备高抗性淀粉、高矿物质、高蛋白质与高膳食纤维面粉的优良材料。