Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) trap catch and associated weather variables on Hawaii Island

We sampled flying female CBB adults bi-weekly over a three-year period
using red funnel traps baited with an alcohol lure at 14 commercial coffee
farms on Hawaii Island to characterize seasonal phenology and the
relationship between flight activity and five weather variables. We
captured almost 5 million scolytid beetles during the sampling period,
with 81-93% of the trap catch comprised of CBB. Of the captured non-target
beetles, the majority were tropical nut borer, black twig borer and a
species of Cryphalus. Two major flight events were consistent across all
three years: an initial emergence from January-April that coincided with
early fruit development and a second flight during the harvest season from
September-December. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) revealed
that mean daily air temperature had a highly significant positive
correlation with CBB flight; most flight events occurred between 20-26 °C.
Mean daily solar radiation also had a significant positive relationship
with flight. Flight was positively correlated with maximum daily relative
humidity at values below ~94%, and cumulative rainfall up to 100 mm;
flight was also positively correlated with maximum daily wind speeds up to
~2.5 m/s, after which activity declined.

为阐明季节物候学（seasonal phenology）特征及飞行活动与五种气象变量的关系，我们在夏威夷岛的14个商业咖啡种植园，采用酒精诱剂诱捕的红色漏斗诱捕器，对飞行状态的雌性CBB成虫进行了为期三年的双周采样。

采样期间共捕获近500万只小蠹科甲虫，其中CBB占诱捕量的81%-93%。捕获的非目标甲虫中，多数为热带坚果小蠹、黑枝小蠹及一种小蠹属（Cryphalus）甲虫。

三年间均观察到两次主要飞行事件：首次羽化发生于1-4月，与果实早期发育阶段相吻合；第二次飞行发生于9-12月的收获季。

广义相加混合模型（Generalized Additive Mixed Model, GAMM）分析显示，日均气温与CBB飞行活动呈极显著正相关；多数飞行事件发生于20-26℃区间。

日均太阳辐射与飞行活动亦呈显著正相关。当日均相对湿度最大值低于约94%、累计降雨量不超过100mm时，飞行活动与之呈正相关；日均风速最大值不超过约2.5 m/s时，飞行活动与之呈正相关，超过该阈值后活动强度下降。