Transcriptomics dissection of the calorie restriction and/or exeTranscriptomics dissection of the calorie restriction and/or exercise training in BAT and skeletal muscle

Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyles for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle (SkM) are two important organs to generate heat. Here we provide detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated with CR and/or EX. We demonstrate the transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and SkM according to CR, but little to EX. Consistent with this, CR induces genes encoding adipokines or myokines alteration in BAT and SkM, respectively. Deconvolution analysis implies differences of subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT, and demonstrates differences of subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in SkM according to CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicates that BAT and SkM can mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis by ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for thermogenic tissues molecular responses to CR and/or EX in healthy state. Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyles for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle (SkM) are two important organs to generate heat. Here we provide detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated with CR and/or EX. We demonstrate the transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and SkM according to CR, but little to EX. Consistent with this, CR induces genes encoding adipokines or myokines alteration in BAT and SkM, respectively. Deconvolution analysis implies differences of subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT, and demonstrates differences of subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in SkM according to CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicates that BAT and SkM can mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis by ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for thermogenic tissues molecular responses to CR and/or EX in healthy state. Overall design: 5 BAT samples, including 3 in sedentary group (control), 4 in CR group, 4 in EX group (EX) and 4 in CR+ EX group (CREX), and 14 gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle tissue samples, including, 4 in control group, 4 in CR group, 4 in EX group and 4 in CREX group, were used to perform transcriptome analysis.

热量限制（Calorie restriction, CR）与运动训练（Exercise training, EX）是预防和治疗肥胖、糖尿病等代谢疾病的两类关键生活干预方式。棕色脂肪组织（Brown adipose tissue, BAT）与骨骼肌（Skeletal muscle, SkM）是机体产热的两类重要器官。本研究提供了经CR、EX单独或联合处理的小鼠的这两种产热组织的详细转录谱数据。研究证实，CR可诱导BAT与SkM发生转录重编程，而EX的调控作用相对微弱。与之相符的是，CR分别在BAT与SkM中诱导了编码脂肪因子（adipokines）与肌因子（myokines）的基因表达改变。反卷积分析显示，CR或EX处理会改变BAT中肌源性细胞、间皮细胞及内源细胞的亚群比例，同时显著影响SkM中卫星细胞、免疫细胞与内皮细胞的亚群组成。通过NicheNet分析探究潜在的器官间通讯机制，结果表明BAT与SkM可通过配体与受体的互作，相互调控彼此的脂肪酸代谢与产热过程。本数据集为健康状态下产热组织对CR和/或EX的分子应答提供了全面的研究资源。
热量限制（Calorie restriction, CR）与运动训练（Exercise training, EX）是预防和治疗肥胖、糖尿病等代谢疾病的两类关键生活干预方式。棕色脂肪组织（Brown adipose tissue, BAT）与骨骼肌（Skeletal muscle, SkM）是机体产热的两类重要器官。本研究提供了经CR、EX单独或联合处理的小鼠的这两种产热组织的详细转录谱数据。研究证实，CR可诱导BAT与SkM发生转录重编程，而EX的调控作用相对微弱。与之相符的是，CR分别在BAT与SkM中诱导了编码脂肪因子（adipokines）与肌因子（myokines）的基因表达改变。反卷积分析显示，CR或EX处理会改变BAT中肌源性细胞、间皮细胞及内源细胞的亚群比例，同时显著影响SkM中卫星细胞、免疫细胞与内皮细胞的亚群组成。通过NicheNet分析探究潜在的器官间通讯机制，结果表明BAT与SkM可通过配体与受体的互作，相互调控彼此的脂肪酸代谢与产热过程。本数据集为健康状态下产热组织对CR和/或EX的分子应答提供了全面的研究资源。
实验整体设计：共纳入5份棕色脂肪组织样本，其中久坐对照组3份、CR处理组4份、EX处理组4份、CR+EX联合处理组4份；另采集14份腓肠肌（Gastrocnemius, GAS）组织样本，其中对照组4份、CR处理组4份、EX处理组4份、CR+EX联合处理组4份，所有样本均用于转录组测序分析。