Genetic polymorphism of 27 Y-STR loci in Kazakh populations from Central Kazakhstan

The haplotypes from Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Kazakhstan, analysed for 27 Y-STR loci, have been contributed to the Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database, while the genetic profile of Central Kazakhstan remains inadequately explored. To investigate the genetic diversity of 27 Y-STR loci in the Kazakh populations from Central Kazakhstan. A total of 112 unrelated Central Kazakh males were genotyped <i>via</i> the Yfiler Plus kit. Data analysis yielded haplotype and allele frequencies, and forensic parameters. Genetic distances were graphically represented by a multidimensional scaling plot, with genetic linkages further elucidated through Nei’s distance dendrograms and Median-joining networks. A total of 102 haplotypes were detected, of which 96 were unique. The haplotype diversity and discrimination capacity were 0.997 and 0.91, respectively. Central Kazakhstan displays a unique cluster in analyses, underscoring its distinct Y-chromosome diversity compared to other Kazakh regions. The analysis of the Naiman tribe, predominantly residing in Central, Southern and Eastern Kazakhstan, revealed three genetic clusters of distinct haplogroups associated with their clans. The identified haplotypes will enhance the existing reference database for Y-chromosomal studies in Kazakhstan, offering a robust tool for future research in population genetics, forensic science and genetic genealogy.

此前针对哈萨克斯坦北部、南部、东部及西部人群的27个Y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STR）位点单倍型分析数据，已提交至Y染色体STR单倍型参考数据库（Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database），但哈萨克斯坦中部人群的遗传特征仍未得到充分研究。为探究哈萨克斯坦中部哈萨克人群27个Y-STR位点的遗传多样性，本研究通过Yfiler Plus试剂盒对112名无亲缘关系的哈萨克斯坦中部男性样本进行了基因分型。数据分析得到了单倍型频率、等位基因频率以及法医学相关参数。研究通过多维标度图对遗传距离进行可视化呈现，并借助Nei遗传距离聚类树与中介连接网络进一步阐明了人群间的遗传关联。本研究共检出102种单倍型，其中96种为独特单倍型；单倍型多样性与识别能力分别为0.997和0.91。聚类分析结果显示，哈萨克斯坦中部人群形成了独立的遗传簇群，表明其Y染色体遗传多样性与哈萨克斯坦其他区域存在显著差异。针对主要分布于哈萨克斯坦中部、南部及东部的乃蛮部落的分析，揭示了与其氏族相关的三类不同单倍群遗传簇群。本研究鉴定得到的单倍型将丰富哈萨克斯坦现有Y染色体研究参考数据库，为后续群体遗传学、法医学及遗传谱系学相关研究提供可靠的研究工具。