PCH: a preservação do patrimônio cultural e natural como política regional e urbana

ABSTRACT TThis paper analyzes the roots of the Historical Cities Program (PCH), its creation in 1973, and deactivation in early 1980s. The program was rooted in the insertion of IPHAN in international cooperation network, the ideas of its articulator, Arch. Renato Soeiro, and military government objectives, which included the Northeast development through cultural tourism. The presence of northeastern and northerners people in ministries and higher ranks of the military government has contributed to its creation. After 36 years, Recife replace the leadership of Rio de Janeiro on heritage policy, strengthening local groups and setting off a struggle for control within IPHAN. Without support from the Secretariat of Planning and General Coordination of the Presidency of the Republic, the PCH started to be dismounted by the government of General João Figueiredo in 1979, after a new cultural policy to create a popular base for the "gradual and controlled opening policy." Alongside this ideological shift, the regionalist dispute between groups of Recife and Rio de Janeiro was intensified and the PCH progressively dismounted.

摘要 本文分析了历史城市项目（Historical Cities Program，PCH）的起源、1973年的设立背景与20世纪80年代初的停摆历程。该项目的诞生植根于三重维度：其一，巴西历史与艺术遗产研究所（Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional，IPHAN）融入国际合作网络的实践；其二，其倡议者、建筑师（Architect，Arch.）雷纳托·索埃罗的理念主张；其三，当时军政府的施政目标——包括依托文化旅游推动巴西东北部地区发展。彼时，东北部与北部地区出身的官员占据政府各部及军政府高层要职，这一人员结构也为项目的落地提供了助力。时隔36年之后，累西腓取代里约热内卢成为巴西遗产政策领域的主导城市，不仅强化了地方群体的话语权，更引发了IPHAN内部的控制权争夺。由于未能获得共和国总统府规划与总协调秘书处的支持，PCH于1979年开始遭到若昂·菲格雷多将军领导的政府拆解——彼时巴西正推行新的文化政策，旨在为"渐进式可控开放政策"打造民众基础。伴随这一意识形态转向，累西腓与里约热内卢两大群体间的地域主义争端愈演愈烈，PCH也随之逐步被废止。