Droughts and Impacts on Agriculture in the Municipality of Campina Grande - PB

Abstract This study aimed to identify and analyze the droughts and its impacts on agriculture in the municipality of Campina Grande - PB. Were used of monthly total data precipitates for the period 1994-2015 of Campina Grande municipality to analyze duration, water deficit and intensity of droughts in this period. To analyze the impacts were used data of agriculture, livestock and agricultural products obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The most severe droughts in the municipality, those with longer durations, water deficits and intensities occurred in the periods of 1997-1999, 2012-2015 and 2001-2003. The permanent crops had greater impact on the quantity produced and average income. Already had temporary acreage reduction, harvested area, amount produced, average yield and production value. The greatest impacts occurred banana, coconut, papaya, bean and corn during 2012 and 2013. There was a reduction of the effective animals during drought, especially in 2012 and 2013. The largest reduction was presented by bovine cattle, goats and sheep. With regard to agricultural products, only decreased the quantity and value of milk production during 2012 and 2014.

摘要 本研究旨在识别并分析巴西帕拉伊巴州坎皮纳格兰德市的干旱事件及其对当地农业的影响。研究采用坎皮纳格兰德市1994-2015年的月降水总量数据，对该时段内干旱的持续时长、水分亏缺程度与强度展开分析。为评估干旱的影响效应，本研究使用了取自巴西地理与统计研究所（Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics）的农业、畜牧业及农产品相关统计数据。该市最为严重的干旱——即持续时长更久、水分亏缺更显著、强度更高的干旱事件——集中发生于1997-1999年、2012-2015年及2001-2003年三个时段。多年生作物的总产量与平均收入受干旱影响最为显著；一年生短期作物则出现种植面积缩减、收获面积减少、总产量下滑、平均单产降低以及产值下降的情况。2012年与2013年期间，香蕉、椰子、番木瓜、菜豆与玉米受干旱影响的程度最为突出。干旱期间当地畜禽存栏量出现下降，尤以2012年和2013年为甚，其中牛、山羊与绵羊的存栏量缩减幅度最大。就农产品品类而言，仅牛奶的产量与产值在2012年至2014年期间出现了下滑。