A multiphase dietetic protocol incorporating an improved ketogenic diet enhances weight loss and alters the gut microbiome of obese people

The prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases is increasing. In the current study, 15 obese subjects took part in a 12-week multiphase dietetic protocol incorporating an improved ketogenic diet (MDP-i-KD) (KYLLKS 201806). We investigated the effects of the MDP-i-KD on the anthropometric parameters and the gut microbiota of obese subjects. Our results showed that the MDP-i-KD led to significant reductions in body mass index in obese subjects. The MDP-i-KD significantly decreased the relative abundance of the Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, the Eubacterium_hallii_group, and <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Blautia</i>. In addition, gut microbiota co-occurrence networks in obese subjects were restructured to a more healthy condition after weight loss. These results show that the MDP-i-KD enhanced weight loss, which may be associated with dietary-induced changes in the gut microbiome. Our results emphasise the importance of determining the interaction between the host and microbial cells to comprehensively understand the mechanism by which diet affects host physiology and the microbiota.

肥胖及其相关疾病的患病率正逐年升高。本研究纳入15名肥胖受试者，使其参与一项为期12周的多阶段饮食干预方案，该方案整合了改良生酮饮食（MDP-i-KD）（编号KYLLKS 201806）。本研究旨在探究MDP-i-KD对肥胖受试者人体测量学指标及肠道菌群的影响。研究结果显示，MDP-i-KD可使肥胖受试者的体重指数显著降低。MDP-i-KD可显著降低毛螺菌科ND3007菌群（Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group）、真杆菌hallii菌群（Eubacterium_hallii_group）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）以及布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）的相对丰度。此外，减重后肥胖受试者的肠道菌群共现网络可被重塑为更健康的状态。上述结果表明，MDP-i-KD可促进体重减轻，这或许与饮食诱导的肠道微生物组改变密切相关。本研究结果强调，明确宿主与微生物细胞间的互作关系，对于全面解析饮食影响宿主生理及菌群的作用机制具有重要意义。