Japanese surveillance in colonial Korea: Analysis of Japanese language textbooks for Korean students during the colonial era

This paper explores how Japan employed language education to justify Japanese imperial surveillance practices by examining the depiction of policemen and military police officers in Japanese language textbooks used by Korean primary students during the colonial period under Japanese rule. The analysis of the Japanese language textbooks used during this period uncovered the colonial educational goals and ideologies presented to Korean students, the ideal colonial citizens desired by the ruling system, and colonial aims furthered. This study investigates the ideologies presented in the textbooks using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Visual Image Analysis (VIA) by analyzing eight textbooks that were used in Japan and Korea. Both images and texts relating to Japanese government officials in the textbooks for Koreans from the colonial era are analyzed. The study reveals that the textbooks positioned Korean students to accept and integrate Japanese ideologies and attempted to indoctrinate Koreans into believing that the Japanese government officials were kind and cooperative, while also maximizing their authority over the colonized in their portrayal. The portrayal of government officials in the textbooks further reinforced this by showing the colonized having to display good behavior to authority figures, while not conveying any negative images of the government officials.

本研究通过考察日本殖民统治时期朝鲜小学生所用日语课本中警察与宪兵的形象刻画，探讨日本如何借助语言教育为其帝国主义殖民监视行径正名。本次对同期日语课本的分析，揭示了殖民统治当局向朝鲜学生传递的殖民教育目标与意识形态、统治体系所期许的理想殖民公民形象，以及其推进的各类殖民统治意图。本研究采用批判话语分析（Critical Discourse Analysis，CDA）与视觉图像分析（Visual Image Analysis，VIA）两种研究方法，对当时在日本与朝鲜两地使用的8册课本展开分析。研究针对该殖民时期朝鲜学生所用课本中与日本公职人员相关的图文内容进行了系统剖析。研究结果表明，此类课本旨在引导朝鲜学生接受并融入日本意识形态，试图向朝鲜民众灌输"日本公职人员友善且兼具合作精神"的认知，同时在形象塑造中最大化其对殖民地民众的权威。课本中公职人员的形象刻画进一步强化了这一叙事逻辑：一方面展现殖民地民众需对权威人士表现出顺从举止，另一方面则完全未呈现日本公职人员的负面形象。