Score of ultra-processed food consumption and its association with sociodemographic factors in the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019

This is a cross-sectional population-based study that describes the score of ultra-processed food consumption, applied in the Brazilian National Health Survey performed in 2019, and its association with sociodemographic factors in Brazilian adults (18 years or older). The score of ultra-processed food consumption was calculated by adding up the positive answers about the consumption on the previous day of 10 subgroups of ultra-processed foods frequently consumed in Brazil. The distribution of the score in the population was presented as a count. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the crude and adjusted associations of scores equal to or higher than five subgroups of ultra-processed foods with urban/rural area, geographic region, sex, age group, schooling level, and wealth index. About 15% of the Brazilian adults reached scores equal to or higher than five. After adjustment for confounders, the prevalence of consuming five or more subgroups of ultra-processed foods decreased linearly with age, increased linearly with wealth quintiles and it was higher in urban areas, in the Southeast and South regions (compared to the others) and in men. Public policies that reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods with emphasis on strata of the population at the greatest risk are essential and monitoring the score of ultra-processed food consumption across studies and populations will be important to assess the success of these policies.

本研究为基于人群的横断面研究，依托2019年开展的巴西全国健康调查（Brazilian National Health Survey）实施，旨在描述超加工食品（ultra-processed food）摄入评分，及其与巴西成年（18岁及以上）人群社会人口学因素的关联。该超加工食品摄入评分通过统计巴西境内常见的10类超加工食品亚组前一日摄入情况的肯定回答数求和得到。该评分在人群中的分布以计数形式展示。本研究采用泊松回归（Poisson regression）模型，评估摄入5类及以上超加工食品亚组的人群与城乡区域、地理大区、性别、年龄组、受教育水平及财富指数之间的粗关联与校正后关联。约15%的巴西成年人群摄入评分达到5类及以上。校正混杂因素后，摄入5类及以上超加工食品亚组的患病率随年龄增长呈线性下降趋势，随财富五分位数升高呈线性上升趋势；且在城市地区、东南部与南部大区（相较于其余大区）及男性人群中患病率更高。针对高风险人群层级制定以降低超加工食品摄入为目标的公共政策至关重要；同时在各类研究与不同人群中监测超加工食品摄入评分，对评估此类政策的实施成效亦具有重要意义。