Assistance to the puerperium and the construction of a flow chart for nursing consultation

Abstract Objectives: to identify the main complaints and problems presented by women in the puerperium during nursing consultations and create a care flow chart. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional exploratory study with quantitative treatment of data conducted in a private hospital in Brazil, with a sample of 114 women. Results: of the puerperal women evaluated, 57.9% were primiparous and 66.7% reported not having received guidance about the puerperal period. Cesarean sections occurred in 89.5% of the sample, and 80.7% of the women presented difficulties inherent to the care given to the newborn or self-care. All mothers were breastfeeding and 42.1% of them reported difficulties in this process. Among breast complications, 30.7% corresponded to fissures. In view of the needs observed in the nursing consultation, women received guidelines from the nurses, and were referred for specialized evaluation when pertinent. Conclusions: it was observed that problems and complaints presented by women in the puerperium were related with care to the newborn, breastfeeding, emotional state and family support. Health professionals who give puerperal consultations should consider the sociocultural environment in which the puerperal woman is inserted in order to link their beliefs with science.

摘要
研究目的：明确产褥期（puerperium）女性在护理问诊中提出的主要主诉与问题，并制定护理流程图。
研究方法：本研究为描述性横断面探索性研究，采用定量数据分析方法，于巴西一家私立医院开展，纳入114名女性作为研究样本。
研究结果：纳入评估的产褥期女性中，57.9%为初产妇（primiparous），66.7%的受访者表示未获得产褥期相关健康指导。样本中89.5%的女性接受了剖宫产（Cesarean sections），80.7%的女性在新生儿照护或自身护理方面存在困难。所有受试者均进行母乳喂养，其中42.1%的受访者表示母乳喂养过程存在困难。在乳房并发症中，30.7%为乳头皲裂（fissures）。针对护理问诊中观察到的需求，护理人员为女性提供了健康指导，并在有指征时将其转诊至专科评估。
研究结论：本研究发现，产褥期女性提出的问题与主诉与新生儿照护、母乳喂养、情绪状态及家庭支持密切相关。开展产褥期护理问诊的医护人员应充分考虑产后女性所处的社会文化环境，将其个人认知与医学科学理论相结合。