Supplementary materials for: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE PARENTAL EXPECTATIONS SCALE (PES) IN PARENTS FROM ROMANIA

Outputs from the CFA and EFA analyses conducted in Mplus 8.3 Danila, I., Balaszi, R., Taut, D., Baban, A., & Foran, H. (2023). Development and validation of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES) in parents from Romania. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1015-5759/a000774 Social cognitive models of parenting consider the role of unrealistic parental expectations (UE) regarding children’s abilities and behaviors as antecedents to the occurrence of child abuse. However, existing self-report measures of UE yield inconsistent results, often failing to differentiate aggressive and non-aggressive parents, raising questions about their validity and utility in understanding maladaptive parenting. To address these concerns, we developed and tested a new measure of parental UE in two samples of parents. The first sample (N = 179) was used to test the initial structure of the scale, while the second sample (N = 249) was used to replicate the structure and examine the concurrent validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency of the new measure. The final scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, criterion, and concurrent validity. More unrealistic expectations predicted unique variance in parental negative behavior after controlling for other related variables. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Parental Expectations Scale (PES), discussing its utility in the clinical assessment of parents at risk for child abuse and in tailoring parenting interventions unknown unknown

本数据集收录了基于Mplus 8.3开展的验证性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA）与探索性因素分析（Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA）的分析结果。该数据源自Danila I、Balaszi R、Taut D、Baban A与Foran H（2023）发表于《欧洲心理评估期刊》（European Journal of Psychological Assessment）的研究论文《罗马尼亚父母群体养育期望量表（Parental Expectations Scale, PES）的编制与效度验证》，原文DOI链接：https://econtent.hogrefe.com/doi/10.1027/1015-5759/a000774。育儿领域的社会认知模型将针对儿童能力与行为的不切实际养育期望（Unrealistic Expectations, UE）视为儿童虐待发生的前置诱因。然而，现有不切实际养育期望自报告量表的研究结果存在不一致性，往往无法有效区分攻击性与非攻击性父母，这使得学界对其在阐释适应不良育儿行为中的效度与应用价值产生了质疑。为解决上述问题，本研究针对两组父母样本，编制并检验了一款全新的不切实际养育期望测量工具。第一组样本（N=179）用于检验该量表的初始结构，第二组样本（N=249）则用于重复验证其结构，并检验新量表的同时效度、效标效度与内部一致性。最终版量表展现出良好的内部一致性、效标效度与同时效度。在控制其他相关变量后，更高水平的不切实际养育期望仍可显著预测父母消极行为的独特变异量。本研究为养育期望量表（PES）的信效度提供了初步实证支持，并探讨了其在儿童虐待风险父母的临床评估以及定制化育儿干预实践中的应用价值（原文末尾残留“unknown unknown”字样）。