Brycon amazonicus Transcriptome

Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), commonly known as matrinxa, is a widely distributed Amazonian native fish species with significant aquacultural importance, being the second most produced fish in Brazil. Despite its economic relevance, omics resources are scarce, limiting advances in aquaculture and nutrition research. Here, we present the first comprehensive transcriptome for the species, generated using RNA-seq data from three tissues, i.e., liver, kidney, and gill. Our analysis yielded a high-quality transcriptome assembly, with 65,454 transcripts, a N50 of 1,959 bp, and 34,548 functionally annotated protein-coding genes. To explore lipid metabolism, we identified key genes involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), namely the orthologues of the fatty acyl desaturase fads2 and the elongases elovl2 and elovl5. Comparative evolutionary and structural analyses revealed that B. amazonicus shares conserved features with other Amazonian fish, reinforcing its capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Overall, the results represent a significant advance in the genetic knowledge of this Brazilian emblematic fish, providing a valuable resource for future studies and ultimately helping to promote more sustainable fish farming practices.

亚马逊脂鲤（Brycon amazonicus, Spix & Agassiz, 1829），俗称matrinxã，是一种分布广泛的亚马逊流域本土鱼类，具有重要的水产养殖价值，为巴西第二大养殖鱼类。尽管其经济价值显著，但组学（omics）资源极度匮乏，限制了水产养殖与营养研究的进展。本研究首次构建了该物种的全面转录组，利用来自肝脏、肾脏与鳃三种组织的RNA测序（RNA-seq）数据完成组装。分析得到了高质量的转录组组装结果，共包含65454条转录本，N50值为1959 bp，且有34548个完成功能注释的蛋白编码基因。为探究脂质代谢过程，我们鉴定了参与长链多不饱和脂肪酸（long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LC-PUFAs）生物合成的关键基因，即脂肪酸去饱和酶fads2以及延长酶elovl2与elovl5的直系同源基因。比较进化与结构分析显示，亚马逊脂鲤与其他亚马逊鱼类共享保守特征，进一步证实了其具备长链多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成的能力。总体而言，本研究结果极大推进了这一巴西标志性鱼类的遗传认知水平，为后续相关研究提供了宝贵资源，并最终助力推广更可持续的水产养殖实践。