Colonizzazione greca, popolazioni epicorie e 'frontiera' nella Puglia antica: qualche osservazione

The paper draws inspiration from the reflections of M.I. Finley and E. Lepore on frontier history, as a methodologically 'adequate' tool for the study of the interaction processes triggered by archaic 'colonisation', and from those of M. Bats and J.-P. Morel on 'frontier spaces' in the various areas affected by it and on the 'gaps' identifiable in the geographical distribution of the latter, with particular reference to the central-western Mediterranean. Starting from these, some observations are proposed regarding the marked peculiarities presented, within the regional horizon of Magna Graecia and Sicily, by the Apulian area, and by Salento in particular, characterized by the presence of only one archaic colonial settlement, that of Taras, moreover located on the (south-)western margins of the region. After some reflections on the Spartan foundation and on the subsequent history of the City of the Gulf, the suggestion is made to read those peculiarities in a strong connection with the settlement, organizational and cultural structures of the 'native' populations of the region, the Iapyghes Messapioi, to whom Cosimo Pagliara has dedicated so much innovative research, with so many important discoveries.

本研究的灵感源自M.I.芬利（M.I. Finley）与E.莱波雷（E. Lepore）对边疆历史的反思——其作为方法论上“恰当”的研究工具，可用于分析古风时代“殖民”引发的互动进程；同时亦借鉴了M.巴茨（M. Bats）与J.-P.莫雷尔（J.-P. Morel）的相关研究，二者聚焦受殖民影响的各区域内的“边疆空间”，以及后者地理分布中可识别的“空白区域”，尤其针对地中海中西部区域展开探讨。基于上述研究基础，本文针对大希腊（Magna Graecia）与西西里（Sicily）区域视野下的普利亚地区，尤其是萨伦托所呈现的显著特征提出若干观察意见。该区域仅存在一处古风殖民定居点——塔拉斯（Taras），且该定居点坐落于该区域的（南）西部边缘地带。在对斯巴达殖民建城以及这座海湾之城的后续历史展开反思后，本文提出：应将该区域的显著特征，与当地原住民群体伊庇基亚·梅萨比人（Iapyghes Messapioi）的定居、组织与文化结构紧密结合进行解读；科西莫·帕利亚拉（Cosimo Pagliara）曾针对该群体开展大量创新性研究并取得诸多重要发现。