Исследование эффективности биоугля из рисовой соломы, обработанного бактериями Bacillus subtilis, для снижения концентрации поверхностно-активных веществ

In the case of discharge of untreated wastewater into a body of water, surfactants can initiate the process of eutrophication in it, thereby disrupting the existing ecosystem. In this regard, the aim of the research presented in the article is to reduce the concentration of surfactants by the method of sorption treatment using rice straw biochar processed by Bacillus subtilis bacteria. According to the literature review, previously published works have established the high efficiency of rice straw biochar in reducing the concentration of surfactants. However, the presence of heavy metals in wastewater reduces the adsorption efficiency of surfactants. It is known that Bacillus subtilis bacteria are capable of bioaccumulating heavy metals. In addition, literature sources provide information on the possibility of using biochar as a carrier of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Based on the above, studies were conducted to reduce the concentration of surfactants in model waters with an initial value of 9.5 mg/l at a sorbent dose of 2.0 mg/l. In addition, the physicochemical and sorption properties of processed biochar were studied, electron microscopy photographs were obtained, thermogravimetric analysis was carried out, and its diffractogram was made. The sorption process itself was carried out in a static mode with a contact time of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 minutes. According to the experimental data, the optimal result was obtained with a contact time of 10 minutes.

当未经处理的废水排入水体后，表面活性剂可引发水体富营养化过程，进而破坏原有水生生态系统。有鉴于此，本文所述研究旨在采用经枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）改性的稻草生物炭进行吸附处理，以降低水体中的表面活性剂浓度。经文献调研可知，既往研究已证实稻草生物炭在降低表面活性剂浓度方面具有高效性，但废水中存在的重金属会削弱其对表面活性剂的吸附性能。已知枯草芽孢杆菌具备重金属生物富集能力；此外，已有文献表明可将生物炭作为枯草芽孢杆菌的载体。基于上述研究背景，本研究针对初始浓度为9.5 mg/L的模拟水体开展表面活性剂浓度削减实验，吸附剂投加量设定为2.0 mg/L。同时，对改性生物炭的理化性质与吸附性能进行表征：获取电子显微镜照片、开展热重分析，并绘制其衍射图谱。吸附实验采用静态模式，接触时间分别设置为10、20、30、40、50分钟。实验数据显示，当接触时间为10分钟时可取得最优吸附效果。