Comparison of the phytochemical profiles of five native plant species in two different forest formations

Abstract The expression of chemical compounds by individual plants of the same species in different locations may be affected by abiotic factors resulting in differences in the production of allelopathic compounds. The objective of this study was to compare the phytochemical profiles of plant species from two different forest formations in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The forest formations were Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) and Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest (LODF), and the five study species were Jacaranda micrantha, Cecropia pachystachya, Mimosa bimucronata, Schinus terebinthifolius and Cedrela fissilis. Secondary metabolites were extracted by exhaustive extraction with methanol, and the crude extract was fractionated using column chromatography. The fractions were used to calculate the retention factor of the main compounds using thin layer chromatography and phytochemical tests. The classes of compounds identified were practically the same among the analyzed species, however, at different levels of concentration. The type of tannins found in S. terebinthifolius differed between the two forest formations.

摘要 同一物种的不同植株在不同生境中的化合物表达模式可受非生物因素调控，进而导致化感物质的合成量产生差异。本研究旨在对比巴西巴拉那州两类不同森林群落中植物物种的植物化学谱特征。两类供试森林群落分别为季节性半落叶林（Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, SSF）与低地密湿润林（Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest, LODF）；本次研究选取的5个受试物种为细叶蓝花楹（Jacaranda micrantha）、号角树（Cecropia pachystachya）、双荚含羞草（Mimosa bimucronata）、巴西乳香（Schinus terebinthifolius）以及红椿（Cedrela fissilis）。本研究以甲醇进行完全浸提以获取次生代谢产物，随后通过柱层析法对粗提物进行分级分离。借助薄层层析法与植物化学检测实验，利用各级分计算得到目标化合物的比移值（retention factor）。在所分析的全部植物物种中，所鉴定出的化合物类别基本一致，但各组分的浓度水平存在差异；其中巴西乳香（Schinus terebinthifolius）中检出的单宁类型，在两类森林群落间存在显著差异。