<p>Synthesis of significant associations.</p>

Birth weight is an important determinant of infant growth and development associated with neonatal morbidity (e.g., respiratory distress, hypoglycemia) and mortality, as well as long-term health risks such as developmental delays and chronic conditions (e.g., asthma, type 2 diabetes) in later life. These adverse health outcomes are particularly concerning when infants are born small or large for their gestational age. A potential strategy to improve optimal birth weight is preconception care, with consistent evidence demonstrating a relationship between maternal preconception health and infant birth weight. However, little attention has been given to the influence of paternal preconception health on pregnancy outcomes. This scoping review aimed to capture the existing literature and highlight evidence gaps regarding associations between paternal preconception health and infant birth weight. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. The review considered studies that included men in the preconception period who identified as the parent of a child for whom infant birth weight outcomes were reported. Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL databases were searched to June 30, 2024. Two independent reviewers screened the titles/abstracts and full-text articles. Data extraction was performed independently by two researchers using a standardized form in Covidence. The data were synthesized narratively according to the paternal preconception health factors identified within the included studies (e.g., physical well-being, health behaviors, substance use, environmental exposures, mental health, and treatment effects). From 7,690 citations, 57 published studies were included in the review. Most studies were conducted in China (n = 18, 31.6%) or the United States (US) (n = 17, 29.8%) and used a cohort design (n = 54, 94.7%). Our review identified growing evidence that specific paternal preconception factors, such as physical well-being (e.g., BMI, physical health), certain medications (e.g., recreational drugs, sulfonylureas, diazepam), and environmental chemical exposure, may adversely influence infant birth weight. There are mixed findings related to other paternal health factors, including some health behaviors (e.g., nutrition, sleep, physical activity), substance use, and mental health. Consideration should be given to expanding preconception counseling and public health initiatives to include fathers, to improve paternal health and potentially reduce risks to offspring (e.g., birth weight). We also identified key areas where further research is required to advance knowledge in this field.

出生体重是影响婴儿生长发育的关键决定因素，与新生儿发病（如呼吸窘迫、低血糖）、死亡，以及日后发育迟缓、慢性疾病（如哮喘、2型糖尿病）等长期健康风险密切相关。当婴儿出生时相对于胎龄呈现宫内发育迟缓或巨大儿时，此类不良健康结局尤其值得关注。改善适宜出生体重的潜在干预策略之一为孕前保健，现有一致证据表明母亲孕前健康状况与婴儿出生体重间存在显著关联。然而，学界对父亲孕前健康如何影响妊娠结局的相关研究，尚未给予足够重视。本范围综述旨在系统梳理现有相关文献，并明确父亲孕前健康与婴儿出生体重关联领域的研究空白。本研究遵循乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute）方法学，以及《系统评价与元分析范围研究扩展版首选报告条目》（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews，PRISMA-ScR）进行规范报告。本次综述纳入的研究对象为孕前阶段、自我认定为某子代父亲且报告了该子代出生体重结局的男性。我们检索了截至2024年6月30日的Medline、PsycINFO、Embase、Scopus及CINAHL数据库。由两名独立评审员分别筛选文献的标题、摘要及全文。两名研究人员采用Covidence平台的标准化数据提取表，独立完成数据提取工作。研究依据纳入研究中明确的父亲孕前健康影响维度，包括躯体健康状况、健康行为、物质使用、环境暴露、心理健康及治疗干预效果，对数据进行了叙述性综合分析。本综述共检索到7699条文献引用，最终纳入57项已发表研究。其中多数研究在中国（n=18，占比31.6%）或美国（n=17，占比29.8%）开展，且多采用队列研究设计（n=54，占比94.7%）。本综述发现，越来越多的证据表明，特定父亲孕前健康因素，如躯体健康状况（如体重指数BMI、整体身体健康水平）、部分药物（如娱乐性药物、磺酰脲类药物、地西泮）及环境化学物质暴露，可能对婴儿出生体重产生不良影响。而针对其他父亲健康相关因素，包括部分健康行为（如营养、睡眠、体力活动）、物质使用及心理健康的相关研究结果，则存在不一致性。应考虑将父亲群体纳入孕前咨询及公共卫生举措，以改善父亲健康状况，从而潜在降低子代的健康风险（如出生体重异常）。本综述同时明确了该领域未来需进一步开展研究的关键方向。