Business Structure Database, 1997-2020: Secure Access

The <i>Business Structure Database</i> (BSD) contains a small number of variables for almost all business organisations in the UK. The BSD is derived primarily from the <i>Inter-Departmental Business Register</i> (IDBR), which is a live register of data collected by HM Revenue and Customs via VAT and Pay As You Earn (PAYE) records. The IDBR data are complimented with data from ONS business surveys. If a business is liable for VAT (turnover exceeds the VAT threshold) and/or has at least one member of staff registered for the PAYE tax collection system, then the business will appear on the IDBR (and hence in the BSD). In 2004 it was estimated that the businesses listed on the IDBR accounted for almost 99 per cent of economic activity in the UK. Only very small businesses, such as the self-employed were not found on the IDBR.<br> <br> The IDBR is frequently updated, and contains confidential information that cannot be accessed by non-civil servants without special permission. However, the ONS Virtual Micro-data Laboratory (VML) created and developed the BSD, which is a 'snapshot' in time of the IDBR, in order to provide a version of the IDBR for research use, taking full account of changes in ownership and restructuring of businesses. The 'snapshot' is taken around April, and the captured point-in-time data are supplied to the VML by the following September. The reporting period is generally the financial year. For example, the 2000 BSD file is produced in September 2000, using data captured from the IDBR in April 2000. The data will reflect the financial year of April 1999 to March 2000. However, the ONS may, during this time, update the IDBR with data on companies from its own business surveys, such as the <i>Annual Business Survey</i> (SN 7451).<br> <br> The data are divided into 'enterprises' and 'local units'. An enterprise is the overall business organisation. A local unit is a 'plant', such as a factory, shop, branch, etc. In some cases, an enterprise will only have one local unit, and in other cases (such as a bank or supermarket), an enterprise will own many local units.<br> <br> For each company, data are available on employment, turnover, foreign ownership, and industrial activity based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)92, SIC 2003 or SIC 2007. Year of 'birth' (company start-up date) and 'death' (termination date) are also included, as well as postcodes for both enterprises and their local units. Previously only pseudo-anonymised postcodes were available but now all postcodes are real.<br> <br> The ONS is continually developing the BSD, and so researchers are strongly recommended to read all documentation pertaining to this dataset before using the data.<br> <br> <i>Linking to Other Business Studies</i><br> These data contain IDBR reference numbers. These are anonymous but unique reference numbers assigned to business organisations. Their inclusion allows researchers to combine different business survey sources together. Researchers may consider applying for other business data to assist their research.<br> <br><span style="font-style: italic;">Latest Edition Information</span><br> For the twelfth edition (May 2021), the 'eu_bsd_2020_ps_new_restricted' data file has been updated.  <br>

《企业结构数据库》（Business Structure Database，BSD）涵盖了英国几乎所有商业组织的少量变量。该数据库主要源自《跨部门商业登记册》（Inter-Departmental Business Register，IDBR）——这是一个动态登记册，数据由英国税务海关总署（HM Revenue and Customs）通过增值税（VAT）和随赚随付税制（Pay As You Earn，PAYE）记录收集。IDBR的数据还补充了英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics，ONS）商业调查的数据。若某企业需缴纳增值税（营业额超过增值税起征点），且/或至少有一名员工在PAYE税收征管系统注册，则该企业将被纳入IDBR（进而收录于BSD）。2004年的估算显示，IDBR中列出的企业占英国经济活动的近99%，仅个体经营者等极小企业未被纳入IDBR。<br> <br> IDBR会定期更新，且包含机密信息，非公务员若无特殊许可无法访问。不过，英国国家统计局虚拟微观数据实验室（ONS Virtual Micro-data Laboratory，VML）创建并开发了BSD——它是IDBR的“时间快照”版本，旨在为研究提供IDBR的可用版本，同时充分考虑企业所有权变更与重组情况。该“快照”通常于每年4月左右采集，所捕获的时点数据将于同年9月前提交至VML。报告期一般为财政年度，例如2000年BSD文件于2000年9月生成，使用的是2000年4月从IDBR采集的数据，反映1999年4月至2000年3月的财政年度情况。在此期间，ONS可能通过其自身商业调查（如《年度商业调查》（SN 7451））向IDBR补充企业数据。<br> <br> 数据分为“企业”（enterprise）和“本地单位”（local unit）两类。企业指整体商业组织；本地单位为“场所”，如工厂、商店、分支机构等。部分企业仅拥有一个本地单位，而银行或超市等企业则可能拥有多个本地单位。<br> <br> 每个企业的数据包括就业情况、营业额、外资所有权，以及基于《标准行业分类》（Standard Industrial Classification，SIC）92版、2003版或2007版的行业活动信息。此外还包含企业“成立年份”（创办日期）与“终止年份”（停业日期），以及企业及其本地单位的邮政编码。此前仅提供伪匿名邮政编码，目前所有邮政编码均为真实编码。<br> <br> ONS持续对BSD进行优化，因此强烈建议研究人员在使用数据前阅读所有相关文档。<br> <br> <i>与其他商业研究的关联</i><br> 本数据包含IDBR参考编号，这些编号是分配给商业组织的匿名且唯一的标识，其存在使研究人员能够整合不同商业调查数据源。研究人员可考虑申请其他商业数据以辅助研究。<br> <br><span style="font-style: italic;">最新版本信息</span><br> 第十二版（2021年5月）中，“eu_bsd_2020_ps_new_restricted”数据文件已完成更新。&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>